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Review of units 1-5
Unit 1
Useful Expressions
1. make predictions 做預測
2. free time 空閑時間
3. fly rockets to the moon…乘飛船飛往月球
4. on a space station 在太空站上
5. study at home on computers呆在家里通過電腦學習
6. live to be 200 years old 活到200歲
7. fall/be in love with sth./ sb. 愛上某物/某人
8. keep pets 養(yǎng)寵物
9. be able to 能夠
10. predict the future 預測未來
11. come true 實現
12. see sb. do sth. 看見sb.做某事(的全過程)
doing sth. 看見sb.正在做某事(片斷)
13. help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事
14. hundreds of 數以百計的
15. try to do sth. 盡力做某事
16. look smart 看上去聰明
17. look for 尋找
18. twenty years from now 從現在算起20年
from now on = in the future 今后
19. do the same things as us我們做同樣的事情
20. live alone 一個人住
Key Points
1. Do you think …?
I think (that)….
I don\'t think (that)….
2. study at home on computer
辨析:on,in和with.
on:表示使用通訊工具、信息或傳媒,乘坐交通工具等;
in:使用語言文字等媒介;
with:借助具體的手段或工具。
Eg. I don\'t want to talk about it on the phone.
Can you speak it in English?
Don\'t write it with a red pen.
3. Will people use money in 100 years?
"in+時間"結構常與一般將來時連用,對其進行提問時用特殊疑問詞how soon.
4. before
ago 與過去時連用
5.It\'s+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth. 對某人而言做某事是…
Grammar Focus
1. The Simple Future tense
一般將來時的三種基本結構:
⑴ will +V. He will wear a uniform to school next Thursday.
⑵ be going to +V. He\'s going to wear a uniform to school next Thursday.
⑶ be + Ving He\'s wearing a uniform to school next Thursday.
一般將來時的時間狀語:in + 時間,in the future,next + 時間,
與tomorrow 相關的時間,this + 時間,from now on,one day…
2. 形容詞、副詞的比較級用法
less pollution/ time更少的污染/ 時間
fewer people/apartments 更少的人/公寓
more pollution更多的污染
more tall buildings 更多的高樓
Unit 2
1. argue with sb. 與某人爭吵
about/over sth. 為某事爭吵
3. be out of style/danger 過時/脫離險境
be in style/danger 時尚/處于危險之中
4. call sb.up (代詞放中間)給某人打電話
5. keep out 不讓…進入
6. , talk about it on the phone 通過電話談論它
7. be surprised to … 對…感到吃驚
8. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借入某物
9. ask your parents for some money
10. need to do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
11. pay … for sth. 為某物付…(錢)
12. the same + n. + as… 與…一樣的n.
13. get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
14. have a fight with sb. 與某人爭吵
15. take part in 加入
16. don\'t have any money沒有錢
17. as much as possible 盡可能多的…
18. a ticket to a ball game 一張球賽的票
19. too much pressure 太多的壓力
20. have free time to relax有空閑時間放松
21. busy enough 足夠忙
enough money 足夠的錢
22. find it difficult/hard to think for themselves 發(fā)現為他們自己著想很難。
KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人為某物花了…錢。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…錢。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(時間、金錢)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(時間、金錢)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句動詞是短暫性動詞)
3. leave sth.+地點介詞短語 She left her keys at home an hour ago.
4.Everyone was invited except me除我之外每個人都被邀請了
5.I don\'t know what to do./ how to do it.
6. The tired children don\'t get home until 7:00 疲憊的孩子們直到七點鐘才到家
GF
情態(tài)動詞
1. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數的變化;
2. 情態(tài)動詞不能直接做謂語,必須和一個動詞原形同時使用;
3. 大多數情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的變化;
4. 情態(tài)動詞加上be,通常表示猜測的語氣。
Unit3
1. in front of ---- behide 在…的前面 ---- 在…的后面(范圍外)
in the front of ---- at the back of 在…的前部 ---- 在…的后部(范圍內)
2. take off 起飛 / land on降落
3. get out of the shower 剛洗完澡…
4. You are kidding. 胡說八道
5. call the police/TV station 給警察/電視臺打電話
6. have an unusual experience 有一次不尋常的經歷
7. take place about 30 years ago.發(fā)生在30 年前
8. follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事
9. get into 進入
10. shout at 訓斥、責備
11. What happen? 發(fā)生什么事了?
happen = take place 發(fā)生
12. in silence 沉默地
13. at the doctor\'s 在診所
14. think of 想起 think about 考慮
15. climb up the tree 爬上樹
16. run away 逃跑,逃掉
KP
"as + 形容詞/副詞的原級+as"表示"和…一樣"
否定形式:"not as/so + 形容詞/副詞的原級+as" 表示"和…不一樣"
GF
1. The Past Progressive Tense
過去進行時
⑴用法:表示在過去某一時刻或某段時間內正在進行的動作。
⑵謂語結構:be ( was, were )+ Ving
⑶時間狀語:at that time/moment
at + 點鐘 + yesterday/last night
from +點鐘 + to +點鐘 + yesterday
this time yesterday
just then
when he came in, ….(when引導的時間狀語從句是過去時,并且動詞是短暫性動詞時,主句使用過去進行時)
2. when while
when與while都是從屬連詞,都有"當……時"的意思。
when 可與一個點的時間或表示一段的時間連用,從句動詞可以是短暫性或延續(xù)性動詞;
while 只指一段時間,。因此while從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。
3. What an important event it is!
How important the event is!
Unit 4
UE
1. have a surprise party 舉辦一個驚喜派對
2. be mad at/with sb. for sth. 因為某事對某人發(fā)火
be mad about/on sth./sb. 對某事/某人很著迷
3. not … anymore = not … any more = no more 不再
4. first of all 首先
5. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人
pass on (代詞放中間)
6. work on 從事
7. be supposed to = should 計劃…
8. be good/better/best at 擅長于…
do well/better/best in
9. report card 成績單
10. the disappointing result 令人失望的結果
11. this semester 本學期
12. How\'s it going? 你好嗎?
How are things going?
13. be in good/poor/bad/ill health 健康狀況好/不好/糟糕/病著
14. end-of-year exams 期末考
15. get/be nervous of sth./doing sth. 對某事/做某事感到緊張
16. have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事處境困難
doing sth.
17. It\'s just that… 這只是由于…
18. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事
doing sth. 忘記做過某事
19. get over 克服
20. for now 至今為止
21. as a volunteer on a one-year-programmer作為一個一年起教育援助計劃的志援者
22. open up my student\'s eyes打開我學生的視野
23. care for wild animals in danger 照料,照顧瀕臨危險的動物
24. last about 22 hours 持續(xù)了大約22小時
KP
1. It\'s not right for you to copy other\'s homework.
2. I don\'t think (that) cat can fly.… 我不認為…(否定前置)
GF
1. The object clause
賓語從句
⑴ 引導詞:that -- 引導陳述句,在句中可省略;
if,whether --引導一般疑問句,可相互替換(從句中出現or not時只能使用whether);
wh-,h- -- 引導特殊疑問句。
⑵ 時態(tài):
主句 從句
一般現在時 各種時態(tài)
一般過去時 相應的過去時態(tài)
注意:從句講述的是客觀真理時,不根據主句改變時態(tài)。
⑶ 語序:引導詞后加陳述句語序
"主句 + 引導詞 + 從句主語 + 從句謂語 + 其他"
2. Direct Speech and Reported Speech
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時參照賓語從句的變法,把雙引號內的句子變?yōu)橘e語從句即可。以下是另需變化的兩點
⑷ 人稱和所有格:" 一主,二賓,三不變 "
⑸ 狀語與動詞
Unit 5
1. have a great time 過得很愉快
2. wear jeans to the party 穿牛仔褲
3. let sb. in/out/by 讓某人進來/出去/過去
4. be late for 遲到
5. be sorry (that)… 感到遺憾
6. organize sth. for … 為…組織某事
7. half (of) the class 半班
8. take away… 把…拿走、沒收
bring sth. to … 把某物帶來…
take sth. from … 從…把某物帶走
9. spent time with sb. 花時間與某人相處
10. make a lot of money 掙許多錢
11. be famous for… 因…而出名
be famous as… 因作為…而出名
12. join = take part in 參加
13. a professional athlete 職業(yè)運動員
14. get injured 受傷
15. a great chance 一次好機會
16. all the time 一直
17. travel around the world = travel all over the world 環(huán)球旅行
18. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事謀生
19. complain about sth. 抱怨某事
20. decide to do sth. 決定去做某事
21. in order to do sth. 以便、為了
22. talk on the phone 講電話
KP
1. too much + 不可數名詞
too many + 可數名詞
much too + 形容詞
2. against 反對、與…相反、與…對抗
argue against 抵制
GF
1. The Conditional Adverbial Clause
條件狀語從句由if或unless引導,表示如果有從句中的動作發(fā)生,就會有主句的動作發(fā)生。在條件狀語從句中,主句是將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞的句子時,從句要使用一般現在時表達將來的意思(即:主將從現)。
if:如果
Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesn\'t leave for Shanghai.
If it rains tomorrow, he will stay at home.
八年級英語下冊units 6--10
重點句子講解
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf for her birthday ? 為什么不在她生日時給她買條圍巾呢?Why not ?
get sb. sth. for … 為了… 給某人買某物
= get sth. to sb. for…
注意：當sth. 是代詞時，不可使用第二種用法。
2. That’s not interesting enough. 那不夠有趣。
enough有兩種詞性：當它用來修飾形容詞、副詞時，作為副詞，應放在所修飾的詞之后，如上句;當它用來修飾名詞時,應放在名詞之后，如：I don’t have enough time to spend with her.
3. What’s the best gift (that) Joe has ever received? Joe曾經受到的最好的禮物
是什么?
4. What a lucky guy! 幸運的家伙!
5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我認為對于一個六歲的孩子一條狗會是一個好禮物。
6. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很難照料。
7. The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig. 近來最流行的寵物是大腹便便的豬。
8. Life with a pig isn’t always perfect. 和一只豬在一起生活并不總是完美的。
9. Now she’s too big to sleep in the house. 現在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。
too… to …：太…以致于不能…
= so… that 主語 can’t ….
e.g. He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
= He is very young and he can’t go to school.
注意：too…to…是一個簡單句，而so…that…是一個復合句。并且當復合句中的主句主語和從句主語不同時，在句型中要用for sb.來表述。如：
The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.
= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.
= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.
= The digital camera is very expensive and we can’t buy it.
10. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圓。
cost：花費(金錢)主語為物;
pay：花費(金錢)主語為人;
take：：花費(時間、金錢)主語為物;
spend ：花費(時間、金錢)主語為人。
語法
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買條圍巾呢?
How/What about doing sth.? 做…怎么樣呢?
How/What about + (a/an) + n.? …怎么樣呢?
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做(不做)…?
= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 請你做(不做)…好嗎?
注意：7、8兩個單元學習的幾種禮貌的提出建議的方式要重點、綜合復習。注意他們的搭配。
Unit 9
重要短語
1. hear of 聽說 hear from 收到…的消息/來信
2. take a ride 兜風
3. end up 結束
4. argue with sb. 與某人爭吵
5. roller coaster 過山車
6. a flight attendant 一個機組乘務員
7. in fact 事實上
8. all over the world 全世界
9. think about 考慮 think of 想起;認為
10. rather than 寧可;而不是
11. neither…nor… 既不…也不…
12. three quarters of 四分之三
13. for example 舉個例子
14. such as 例如
15. on the one hand,… on the other hand,…. 一方面…，另一方面…
16. be asleep 睡著(狀態(tài)) fall asleep 睡著(動作)
重點句子
1. Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾經去過水上公園嗎?
No, I haven’t. 不，我沒有。
Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也沒有。
這是一個否定的省略句。它的結構是“ Neither/Nor + be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。而用在肯定的省略句中時要使用so，它的結構是“So+ be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”。如：
-- I paid 20 yuan for this book.
-- So did I.
2. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.
過山車是以迪斯尼的人物為主題的。
3. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
雖然船的路線不同，但它們都停泊在同一個地方。
4. It’s just so much fun in Disneyland.
迪斯尼樂園里有如此之多的樂趣。
5. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
只是因為我能說英語，我得到了這份工作。
6. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超過四分之三的人是中國人。
7. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因為這個島是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何時候都可以去。
語法
1. 現在完成時
(1) 用法：動作到現在已經完成或剛剛完成;
過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現在造成的結果和影響;
過去開始一直持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)。
(2) 基本結構：have/has + V.過去分詞
(3) 時間狀語：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段時間, since + 過去的時間點/過去時的從句，等。
(4) 注意事項:
A. 現在完成時是現在的時態(tài),重點表達目前的結果和狀態(tài);
B. 表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現在用for + 時間段, since +點時間連用。對for與since短語提問用how long。
C. 現在完成時從不與when引起的疑問句聯用。
D. have been to：去過…
have gone to：去了…
have been in：呆在…
E. 短暫性動詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞：
buy --- have had borrow --- have kept
join --- have been in / have been a member of
become --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends
die --- have been dead get to know --- have known
come/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold
begin/start to do --- have done
begin / start --- have been on
enter / come / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at
go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away from
2. since，for在現在完成(進行)時中的用法差異
(1) since 后接過去的時間點或一般過去時的從句。
He has been an English teacher since three years ago.
We have known each other since we came to study in this university.
(2) for后接時間段
He has lived here for three years.
3. 現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
現在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響和結果，強調的是現在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。
而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現在不發(fā)生關系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來他一直住在這里。(他現在還住在這里)
He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。(并不涉及他現在是否住在這里)
Unit 10
重點短語
1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事
2. look through 瀏覽
3. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿過一條繁忙的街道
4. think of 想起、認為
5. come along 出現，發(fā)生
6. get along/on … with sb. 與某人相處的…
7. be friendly to sb. 對某人友好
8. have a birthday party 舉辦一個生日聚會
9. on Saturday night 在周六的晚上
10. at least 至少
11. at the school dining room 在學校的餐廳里
知識點
1. I hope so. 我希望如此。
so為代詞，用來表示贊同前面所提及的內容。除了hope以外，還有think，believe，suppose，be afraid等，可與so連用。如：
Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你認為下午會下雨嗎?
I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕會。
注意：用來表示不贊同前面所提及的內容，有兩種不同的方法，不可混用。如：
I don’t think so. 我不這么想。
I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不會這樣。
2. How much did that shirt cost? 那件襯衫多少錢?
3. I feel like part of the group now. 現在我感覺像是他們中的一員了。
4. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你這樣的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就適應了。

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