Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees
直擊標要求
1． 語言目標
Debate an issue
2． 重點詞匯
save gentle furry enormous playful aggressive gray spotted African strong mangrove swamp habitat aquatic feed underwater vegetation foot weigh pound against suitable tiny cage educate public urge recycle stuff material pull bottle glue roof discard tile fence can inspiration spare politely environment
care for pull down be made from
3． 關(guān)鍵句型
We’re trying to save the manatees!
I am like this animal…
They’re about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1, 000 pounds.
I don’t think so.
I disagree with you.
Recycling paper is easy.
But it’s hard to stop riding in cars.
4． 語法
復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在進行時，一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時及used to的用法，被動語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時。
前學(xué)習(xí)提示
一、詞匯
1． save [seiv]vt. &vi. 搶救, 節(jié)省, 儲蓄, 顧全。
【例】 （1）The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life.
大夫們盡力搶救這個病人。
（2）Your kind help saved me a lot of trouble.
你好心的幫忙省了我很多麻煩。
（3）Every month they have been trying to save 10 percent out of their monthly pay, so that in time they’ll be able to buy a computer.
他們每月把百分之十的工資儲蓄起，準備買一臺電腦。
（4）He said that just to save his face.
他這么說只是為了保全面子。
2． feed [fi: d] n. 飼料，牧草。作動詞用表示“喂食物，供給”等意思。
【例】（1）There is enough feed for the animals.
動物的飼料足夠。
（2）He feeds his horse on beans.
他用豆子喂馬。
（3）The lake is fed by four big rivers.
有四條大河流入這個湖。
（4）The bird refuses to feed.
這只鳥不肯吃食。
（5）The stream feeds into a pond.
這條小溪流入一個池塘。
3． foot [fut]n. 英尺，腳，腳步，底部，它的復(fù)數(shù)是feet。它可作動詞用。
【例】 （1）She has never set foot on American soil.
她從沒有到過美國。
（2）He has a light foot.
他腳步輕快。
（3）The village lies at the foot of a green hill.
村莊坐落在青蔥的小腳下。
（4）The road is twenty feet long.
這條路有二十英尺長。
（5）We missed the last bus and had to foot it.
我們誤了最后一班車，只好步行。
（6）They told me to foot up the account.
他們叫我結(jié)賬。
（7）He footed the bill for us all.
他替我們大家付了賬。
（8）The expenses footed up to four hundred Canadian dollars.
全部費用共計四百加拿大元。
4． weigh [wei]vt. & vi. 稱……重量，考慮，重壓，有影響等。它的名詞是weight。
【例】 （1）She weighed two apples in her hand and gave me the bigger one.
她用手掂量兩個蘋果，把大一點的給了我。
（2）Young people sometimes do things before weighing the consequences.
青年人辦事有時不考慮后果。
（3）The branches of the apple tree were weighed down by the fruit.
蘋果樹的枝子被果實壓彎了。
（4）The airplane weighs five tons unloaded.
這架飛機不載貨時重五噸。
（5）Your eloquence will not weigh with us.
你的雄辯不會對我們起什么作用。
（6）Her illness weighed on her husband’s mind.
她的病使他丈夫心情沉重。
（7）Vegetables are sold by weight.
蔬菜是按重量賣的。
（8）Her success in the examination was a great weight off her father’s mind.
她考試及格，使父親心頭如釋重負。
（9）It has some weight with me.
此事對我有一點影響。
5． pull[pul]vt. &vi. 拉, 牽, 拔, 吸引。可作名詞用，它的反義詞是push。
【例】（1）She pulled the door open.
她拉開了門。
（2）I pulled at the handle but the door didn’t open.
我拉了一下把手，但沒有把門拉開。
（3）They vie with each other in pulling more votes for themselves.
他們相互爭著為自己多拉選票。
（4）He took a pull at the bottle.
他從瓶里喝了一大口酒。
（5）It was a long pull along the Great Wall to the beacon tower on the peak.
還要沿著長城爬很長一段路，才能爬到頂峰的烽火臺。
（6）A good education gives a man a great pull.
良好的教育能給人帶莫大的好處。
（7）Why do you push against me?
你為什么推我？
（8）The strikers pushed for higher wages.
罷工者爭取提高工資。
6． discard [dis′ka: d] vt. 丟棄，放棄。
【例】 （1）He discarded the old dictionary for a new one.
他丟棄了舊字典，換上新的。
（2）Such die-hards will be discard by history.
這種頑固分子會被歷史所拋棄。
（3）We should discard the dross and select the essential.
我們應(yīng)該去粗取精。
7． can[k n]n. 罐頭。作動詞用表示“裝罐頭”，此外它可作情態(tài)動詞用，后跟動詞原形。
【例】（1）He bought two cans for his daughter.
他給女兒買了二聽罐頭。
（2）Turtle meat is canned and sold as a delicacy.
甲魚肉被制成罐頭作為美食出售。
（3）He can sing and play the piano at the same time.
他能邊彈鋼琴邊唱歌。
（4）What he said can be true.
他說的可能是真的。
（5）You can’t say such things to a friend.
你不可以對朋友說這種話。
8． environment [in′vai r nm nt]n. 環(huán)境
【例】 (1) They live in a quiet environment.
他們住在安靜的環(huán)境里。
(2)We must protect our environment.
我們必須保護環(huán)境。
(3)This is a true story of man’s struggle with his environment.
這是個人類與環(huán)境作斗爭的真實的故事。
二、交際用語
1． 形容事物的大小、長寬等
How big are manatees?
They’re about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1, 000 pounds.
2． 表示贊同或不贊同
I don’t think so.
I disagree with you.
I agree with you.
3． 表示像似或喜歡
I’m like the animal…
You’re like an elephant.
You’re like a manatee.
I like to eat vegetables.
三、語法
本單元主要是復(fù)習(xí)幾種時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，這幾種時態(tài)和語態(tài)在前面已分別作了說明，這里不再重述，僅舉幾例加以鞏固。
1． 現(xiàn)在進行時
【例】(1)We’re waiting for you.
我們在等你。
【例】(2)Are you feeling better now?
你現(xiàn)在好點了嗎？
2． 一般現(xiàn)在時
【例】 （1）He goes to school every day except Sunday.
除星期天他每天都上學(xué)。
（2）arx is a great man.
馬克思是個偉人。
（3）The old man said the sun rises in the east.
那老人說太陽從東方升起。
3． 一般過去時及used to 的用法
【例】 (1)I stayed there for two days.
我在那兒住了兩天。
(2)Tom joined the army in 1994．
湯姆1994年參了軍。
（3）We used to swim every day.
我們曾每天游泳。
（4）They used to have four meals a day.
他們過去每天吃四餐。
4． 被動語態(tài)的用法
【例】 （1）A thief has been caught by them.
一個小偷被他們抓住了。
（2）His homework was being done.
他在做作業(yè)。
（3）A letter was written to me.
有人給我寫了封信。
（4）He is regarded as our father.
他被當(dāng)作我們的父親。
5．現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)
【例】 （1）We haven’t finished the work yet.
我們尚未完成這項工作。
（2）The telephone has rung four times in the last two hours.
電話鈴在這兩小時內(nèi)響了四次。
（3）For the last month the weather has been nice.
過去這一個月，天氣一直很好。
點撥重點難點
1． 復(fù)習(xí)鞏固一般現(xiàn)在時, 一般過去時, 現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時。
2． 復(fù)習(xí)鞏固被動語態(tài)，尤其要注意被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的應(yīng)用。
3． 本單元中出現(xiàn)的常用詞和短語，如：save, environment及care for和be made from的用法。
4． be trying to do sth. , I don’t think so. 等句型的用法。
5． 關(guān)注動物的生存環(huán)境。
6． 學(xué)會如何進行環(huán)保，環(huán)保必須從我做起，人人有責(zé)。
拓展發(fā)散思維
發(fā)散思維分析
1． We’re trying to save manatees!
我們正盡力挽救海牛!
try to do sth. 盡力做某事; try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事。
【例】 （1）They tried to solve the problem.
他們盡力解決這問題。
（2）They are trying using another method.
他們正試用另一種方法。
注 try one’s best=do one’s best 是“竭盡全力”的意思，后跟不定式。
【例】（1）I’ll do/try my best to do the work well.
我將一定把工作做好。
（2）You should try/do your best to improve your spoken English.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量提高你的英語口語能力。
（3）He did his best to run faster, but he failed.
他盡最大努力跑得更快，但還是失敗了。
2． You’re like an elephant.
你像一頭大象。
be like “像……一樣”，有時用look like“看起像”。like是介詞；like作動詞用是“喜歡”。
【例】（1）Your daughter looks like a basketball player.
你的女兒看上去像籃球運動員。
（2）That’s just like him.
他就是這種人。
（3）I can’t tell what a spaceship is like.
我說不上宇宙飛船是什么樣子。
（4）He doesn’t like tomatoes.
他不喜歡吃西紅柿。
3． I’ve visited a lot of zoos in my life.
我一生中參觀過許多動物園。
in one’s life“一生，一輩子”；a lot of=lots of。
【例】（1）Lei Feng did lots of good deeds for the people in his life.
雷鋒一生中為人民做了許多好事。
（2）They have saved a lot of animals in their lives.
他們一生中救了大量的動物。
4． The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all.
動物被關(guān)在小籠子里, 幾乎一點都不能動。
hardly不是hard的副詞形式，它的意思是“幾乎不”，是個否定含義的詞，務(wù)必要與hard區(qū)別開。
【例】（1）He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
他難得在午夜前睡覺。
（2）I could hardly believe my eyes when he suddenly appeared.
他突然出現(xiàn)時，我?guī)缀醪桓蚁嘈抛约旱难劬Α?br>（3）The loaf is as hard as a brick.
這塊面包硬得像塊磚頭。
（4）He isn’t afraid to take on hard jobs.
他不怕承擔(dān)困難的工作。
（5）The teacher worked hard to prepare his lecture.
老師努力備。
（6）He looked hard at me all the while.
他一直緊盯著我。
5． I don’t think so.
我不這樣認為。
I think so.
我認為是這樣。
so在此是代詞，代替上的句意，否定常用not。以下是英語的習(xí)慣用法：
I think so. →I don’t think so.
I am afraid so. →I am afraid not.
I hope so. →I hope not.
I believe so. →I don’t believe so. /I believe not.
6． They won’t have enough money to take care of so many fine animals.
他們沒有足夠的錢照看這么多好的動物。
enough修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置；enough后跟不定式表示能夠做某事。take care of=look after。
【例】 （1）He has enough time to do the work.
他有足夠的時間做這項工作。
（2）Three comrades are quite enough for the job.
有三位同志干這事就夠了。
（3）We have enough to do to finish the job on time.
要準時完成這事，我們還得大大努力。
（4）He is always ready enough to help us.
他總是很自愿的幫助我們。
（5）His job is to take care of the Diesel engine.
他的工作是管柴油機。
（6）Here, let me take care of the cleaning.
，讓我打掃吧。
（7）You must look after yourself well.
你必須照顧好你自己。
（8）The children must be looked after well.
孩子必須照看好。
7． I stopped using them last year.
我去年就不用他們了。
stop doing sth. 是“停止做某事”，而stop to do sth. 則是“停下去做某事”。
【例】 （1）We must never stop studying English.
我們要不停地學(xué)習(xí)英語。
（2）The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.
那孩子看見他媽媽就不哭了。
（3）We’re so tired. Let’s stop to have a short rest.
我們太累了，咱們停下休息一會兒吧。
（4）He stopped to talk with me.
他停下和我說話。
8． I agree with you.
我同意你的看法。
agree是“同意，取得一致的意見”的意思。agree作及物動詞時，后常跟名詞，不定式或that從句。其可單獨使用，也可和介詞to, with, on等連用，agree on用在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，以事物作主語時，表示“（某事）是大家同意的”意思，on有時可省略。
【例】 （1）Can we agree the price?
我們能不能商定一個價格？
（2）I agree that your suggestions is quite good.
我認為你的建議非常好。
（3）I really can’t agree with you.
我實在不能同意你的意見。
（4）We agreed on the date for the meeting.
我們對開會的日期取得了一致的意見。
（5）After a short time, the program was agreed (on).
過了一會兒，這項計劃大家都同意了。
（6）He has agreed to our plan for the holiday.
他已同意了我們的假期計劃。
9．You have probably never heard of Amy Winter before.
你可能從未聽說過艾米•溫特。
hear of “聽說”，而hear from “得到……消息”。
【例】 （1）ost of the children have heard of Snohite.
大多數(shù)孩子都聽說過白雪公主。
（2）I heard of (about) it long ago.
我很久以前就聽人說起過這事了。
（3）You will hear about this later.
關(guān)于這事以后會讓你知道的。
（4）Do you often hear from your brother?
你常接到你兄弟的信嗎？
（5）It has been long since I heard from her last.
自從上次得到她的音信后，已經(jīng)好久沒有聽到她的消息了。
10． The walls are made from old glass bottles…
墻是由舊玻璃瓶子建成的……。
be made from…“由……制成”，一般說其制成品中已看不出原材料，這里表示“由……構(gòu)成”。be made后可跟很多介詞，如：from, in, by, into, with等，組成不同含義的短語。
【例】(1)The bridge is made of stone.
這橋是石頭砌的。
(2)The wine is made from rice.
這酒是由稻谷制成的。
(3)This kind of TV sets is made in Hefei.
這種電視機是合肥產(chǎn)的。
(4)This ladder is made by r Li.
這梯子是李先生做的。
(5)etal can be made into all kinds of things.
金屬可制成各種各樣的物品。
(6)Bikes are made with machines by the workers.
自行車是工人們用機器生產(chǎn)出的。
(7)The dress was made (out) of that material.
這連衣裙是用那塊料子做的。
發(fā)散思維應(yīng)用
典型例題1
用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1． Last year Tom (award) the first prize in the university.
2． He said she (work) as a reporter since 1998．
3． — you (hear) about Dr Norman Bethune?
—Of course. Everyone is China (know) about this famous
Canadian doctor. He (help) us in the Anti-Japanese War. He
(always, remember)by us Chinese people.
解析 答案：1． was awarded 本題時間狀語是last year，可知句子應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)，且只說明一個事實，因此用一般過去時態(tài)。由于主語Tom 是被授獎的對象，所以用被動語態(tài)。
2． had worked 因為有since 1998，賓語從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，但賓語從句在此是作主句謂語動詞said的賓語，所以現(xiàn)在完成時得改為過去完成時。
3． Have, heard, knows, helped, will always be remembered
本題空1和空2用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，暗含時間是從過去到現(xiàn)在；空3用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示客觀事實；空4說明他幫助過我們這一事實，所以用一般過去時態(tài)；空5說明他將永遠被中國人民所記住，用一般將時，主語he是被記住的對象，所以得用被動語態(tài)。
典型例題2
E-mailing is much than long-distance calling.
A． cheap B． cheaper C． cheapest D． the cheapest
解析 答案：B 本題主要考查比較級。句中有than，得用比較級，且空前還有修飾比較級的 much。意思是“發(fā)郵比打長途電話便宜得多”。
【題型發(fā)散】
發(fā)散1 單項選擇填空
( )1． I am building a new zoo in our city.
A． against
B． again
C． angrily
D． friendly
( )2． Tom recently an award from the school.
A． winned
B． won
C． winning
D． had won
( )3． They are like textbooks for us students.
A． to live
B． lived
C． living
D． lives
( )4． We think animals in forest.
A． shouldn’t live
B． should live
C． lives
D． living
( )5． His father a worker in that factory.
A． uses to be
B． used is
C． used to being
D． used to be
解答：答案：1． A 本題根據(jù)題意不是進行時態(tài)，再則把B、C、D放入意思也不對，此題中的building 不是現(xiàn)在分詞，而是動名詞，作介詞against的賓語。
2． B 最近獲獎，應(yīng)用一般過去時態(tài)，且win是不規(guī)則動詞，它的過去形式是won。
3． C 本題中的like是介詞，那么它后面如果跟動詞，該動詞應(yīng)是動名詞形式，作它的賓語。
4． B 根據(jù)題意“動物應(yīng)生活在森林里”，該用should live。
5． D 本題主要考查used to do的用法，其他填入都不對。
發(fā)散2 根據(jù)漢語完成句子
1． 我們一天給他們喂四次食。
We give them .
2． 動物園對動物說是可怕的居住場所。
Zoos are terrible places .
3． 我們大家都反對在湖邊建工廠。
We’re all factories the lake.
4． 不用小汽車是很難的事。
It’s hard to stop .
5． 廢物再利用是好事。
is really a good thing.
解析 答案：1． food four times a day 2． for animals to live 3． against building…by 4． riding in cars 5． Recycling waste things
本題主要考查對本單元的熟悉程度。
發(fā)散3 寫出四個由下列詞構(gòu)成的詞組
1． turn
2． send
3． be
4． fall
5． on
6． all
解析 答案：
1． turn down, turn up, turn on, turn off
2． send away, send up, send off, send for
3． be afraid of, be angry with, be busy with, be made of
4． fall off, fall asleep, fall behind, fall over
5． on and on, on show, on time, on top of
6． all one’s life, all over, all right, all out
【正誤發(fā)散】
短改錯 在錯處劃線，將正確答案寫在后面的橫線上
They had a very well journey home. Jim1．
sitted beside the window, but he didn’t see2．
much during his flight, why there were too many3．
clouds. rs Green sleept almost the whole way.4．
They stopped at oscow on the way, but5．
only for an hour or two, so there were no time6．
to go into the center of the city. Jim doesn’t7．
mind, because it was really cold on osco 8．
There was thick snow anywhere. Nobody liked9．
to go inside in the bad weather. 10．
解析 答案1． well改為good 這里是作定語，well作副詞用的情況較多，主要是作狀語。
2． sitted 改為sat sit 是不規(guī)則動詞，它的過去式是sat。
3． why改為because 這里引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，所以該用because。
4． sleept改為slept sleep 是不規(guī)則動詞，它的過去式為slept。
5． at 改為in 因莫斯科是個大地方，該用in。
6． were改為was 因主語time 是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞該用單數(shù)形式。
7． doesn’t改為didn’t 根據(jù)上下理解，這里該用過去時態(tài)。
8． on改為in on表示在物體的表面上。
9． anywhere改為everywhere 此處指“到處”。
10． inside改為outside或out 這里指惡劣的天氣里，人們不愿外出。
【轉(zhuǎn)化發(fā)散】
按要求改寫下列各句，每空一詞
1． y brother went to college three years ago. (改為同義句)
three years my brother went to college.
2． It was so interesting a film that all of us saw it three times. (改為同義句)
It was interesting that all of us saw it three times.
3． Both you and r Zhang are going to work on the farm for a week. （改為否定句）
you r Zhang going to work on the farm for a week.
4． Uncle Wang has worked here since twenty years ago. （對劃線部分提問）
has Uncle Wang worked here?
5． Students must do homework every day. （改為被動語態(tài)）
Homework by students every day.
解析 答案1． It is… since 用表示一段時間的句型表示上句中的時間段。
2． such an …film such…that與 so …that 同義，所不同的是such 修飾名詞，such和名詞之間可插入不定冠詞；so修飾形容詞或副詞，原句中so后緊跟形容詞，而將不定冠詞放在形容詞之后。
3． Neither…nor…is both…and 的全部否定應(yīng)用neither…nor, neither…nor連接兩個主語時，謂語須跟后面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
4． How long 詢問時間長度用how long，表示多久、多長時間。
5． must be done含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，助動詞be要用原形。
【情景發(fā)散】
填空，補全對話
A：Hello, Ann.
B: Hello, Wuling. You 1 look well. What’s the 2 ?
A: I’ve got a headache and a cough.
B: 3 you seen the 4 ?
A: No, I’ve taken my 5 . It 6 to be all right. Nothing 7 , I think.
B: aybe You’ve 8 a bit of a cold. You’d 9 take some medicine and drink more water. You’ll be well soon 10 a good rest.
A: I think so. Thank you very much. Goodbye.
B: Bye.
解析 根據(jù)上下的意思，補全對話，每空只填一詞，使其完整達意。這類試題在某種程度上講比“七選五”式對話還要難些，后者是客觀性選擇填空補全對話，本題是主觀性限制填詞補全對話。解這類題一是根據(jù)所設(shè)情景、特別注意上下的關(guān)系及句、段意，二是要填寫正確單詞，本題主要講的是求醫(yī)治病的一段對話。
答案 1． don’t 2． matter 3． Have 4． doctor 5． temperature 6． seems 7． serious 8． caught 9． better 10． after
【綜合發(fā)散】
根據(jù)短內(nèi)容，在每題空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~（首字母已給出）
A Greedy an
r Smith lived in a town by the sea. He has a few shops in the centre there. He managed(管理)them carefully and got a lot of money. He was very rich but he didn’t think he was the richest in the town. So he tried to get more money. Once r Smith was asked to dinner. He heard there was a circus troupe（馬戲團）in the town which had nothing strange except a five-legged （五只腿的）co But people were interested in it and most of them went to see it.
On his way home, r Smith heard an old man saying there lived a lot of one-eyed（一只眼）persons on an island. “Oh, dear! ”the greedy（貪婪的）man thought to himself, “If I catch a one-eyed man and show him all over the country, I’ll get much money! ”
After he got home, he told his sons to manage the shops instead of him and he went to look for the island, without telling anybody about it. At last he reached the island and saw some one-eyed children. He was to happy that he rushed towards the youngest one and carried him on his back. But he didn’t know the danger was coming to him. A few one-eyed men ran to him with knives in their hands. He threw the child to the ground and was hurrying off, but it was too late. They caught him and showed him on the island because only he had two eyes there!
1． r Smith was a rich s .
2． r Smith h a lot of money but he wanted to get richer.
3． ost people in the town v the five-legged co
4． r Smith thought the old man’s story was t .
5． r Smith thought he found out a w to get much money.
6． r Smith didn’t tell anybody because he was a someone would know the secret.
7． r Smith chose the youngest child because he thought it was e to take away.
8． The people on the island had n seen a man with two eyes. So r Smith was on show there.
解析 答案：1． 從“He has a few shops in the center there. ”看，應(yīng)當(dāng)填寫shopkeeper。
2． 從“He managed carefully and got a lot of money. ”可以看出，他有很多錢。故應(yīng)填had。
3． “But people were interested in it and most of them went to see it. ” 已告訴我們，要填visited。
4． 從后 r Smith去那座島上抓一只眼的人就能知道，他認為那個故事是真的，應(yīng)填true。
5． 從r Smith在聽到老頭講的故事以后的想法，說明他認為找到了一條致富的途徑，應(yīng)填way。
6． r Smith沒有把計劃告訴任何人，當(dāng)然是怕別人也知道這個秘密。故應(yīng)填afraid。
7． 從前面所講的r Smith讓兒子代替他管理商店，說明他的年紀不小。因此，他要帶著小孩離開那個島嶼，就得挑選最小的小孩，以便很容易脫身。所以應(yīng)當(dāng)填easy。
8． 由“They caught him and showed him on the island because only he had two eyes there! ”就能知道，島上的人從沒有見過兩只眼的人。因此應(yīng)填never。
單元小結(jié)
本單元是教材最后一個單元，著重復(fù)習(xí)前面的內(nèi)容，它重點復(fù)習(xí)了現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時及used to的用法、被動語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時等。在復(fù)習(xí)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時，學(xué)習(xí)了一些常用詞語和習(xí)慣用法。此外本單元還再現(xiàn)了動名詞作主語、動詞不定式的句法功能以及賓語從句等，還介紹了be made 后跟各種介詞的用法。除此本單元還講述了如何保護動物，認為動物應(yīng)放入大自然。強調(diào)了廢物的回收再利用，此舉對環(huán)境保護有特別重要的意義。通過本單元學(xué)習(xí)，我們應(yīng)認識到動物是人類的朋友，環(huán)保人人有責(zé)。
知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)建構(gòu)
1． 定語從句中先行詞只用that不用which的情況
1)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時。
【例】 （1）I am sure she has something (that) you can borro
我肯定她那兒有你要借的東西。
（2）He saw much that was bad.
他看到太多不好的事情。
（3）Everything (that) we saas of great interest to us.
我們對看到的所有東西都很感興趣。
2)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時。
【例】 I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
我把你給我的書都看了。
3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
【例】 （1）This is the best novel that I have ever read.
這是我看過的最好的一本小說。
（2）This is the first composition that he has written in English.
這是他用英語寫的第一篇作。
4） 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。
【例】 （1）That’s not the only thing (that) we’re missing.
我們不止丟了這一樣?xùn)|西。
（2）The last place that we visited was the museum.
我們參觀的最后一個地方是博物館。
5）當(dāng)有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用which或who引導(dǎo)。
【例】He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他談起了拜訪的老師和參觀的學(xué)校。
6）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句要用that。
【例】 Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在門口的那個人是誰？
2．定語從句的翻譯
1）提取主句，認真翻譯�！皩ふ摇敝骶涞囊话惴椒ㄊ侨サ艟渥又袔А暗摹苯Y(jié)構(gòu)的部分，提取出句子的主干，即“主謂賓”“關(guān)系表”或“主謂”等結(jié)構(gòu)。
2）斟酌關(guān)系詞，譯出“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。漢語中“……的”是定語從句的基本特點，關(guān)系詞的選擇要看主句中的先行詞。如先行詞指人，就要用who, whom或that等；先行詞指物，就要用 which,
that, when或where等。所以翻譯定語從句時，要先回頭看先行詞，然后再運用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。
3）確定定語從句位置，譯出完整句子。如果沒有特殊情況，定語從句往往是緊挨著放在先行詞之后。
總之，翻譯定語從句時，既要符合英語習(xí)慣，又須保持上下的意思連貫。
3． 定語從句
關(guān)系代詞例 句
that在從句中作主語或賓語指物(1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主語)
(2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作賓語)
指人(1)Who is the man that is reading the book over there? (作主語)
(2) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作賓語)
which
在從句中作主語或賓語指物(1)They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語)
(2)The fish (which) we bought were not fresh. (作賓語)
who, whom在從句中分別作主語和賓語指人(1)The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主語)
(2)The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主語)
(3)The person to whom you just talked is r Li. (作賓語)
(4)rs Read is the person to whom you should write. (作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞例 句
when
指時間(1) I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
(2)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
where指地點(1) This is the house where we lived last year.
(2)The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
新標新中考
1． 本單元所復(fù)習(xí)的時態(tài)、語態(tài)在中考中的選擇題和閱讀理解題中會出現(xiàn)。
2． 本單元所復(fù)習(xí)的賓語從句、定語從句。
3． 不定式和動名詞的句法功能。
4． be made of后跟各種介詞的用法及含義。
5． 本單元學(xué)的常用詞和短語。
6． 如何保護動物以及如何回收廢物并進行再利用，以此更好地保護我們的環(huán)境。
新題型新導(dǎo)向
【例1】 y watch doesn’t work. I must have it .
A． repaired
B． repairs
C． repair
D． repairing
(2003年煙臺市中考題)
賞析 答案：A 本題主要考查have的使用方法，have+賓語（名詞或代詞）+過去分詞，表示“叫別人做某事”，而“別人”在中不會出現(xiàn)。過去分詞內(nèi)含賓語被“別人”……。
【例2】 She does the housework every day. (改為否定句)
She the housework every day.
(2003年哈爾濱市中考題)
賞析 答案：doesn’t do本題主要考查助動詞的使用，此題中does是實義動詞，構(gòu)成否定句須借用動詞do, 但本句的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞應(yīng)變?yōu)閐oes, 用了助動詞does后面的謂語動詞用原形do。本題特別注意的是不能把do丟掉了。
【例3】 worth的用法。
1）形容詞worth意為“值得……的，有……的價值”。與名詞、代詞、動名詞連用，但不能放在名詞的前面。
【例】 （1）That’s worth more than two million yuan in China.
那在中國值二百多萬元呢。
（2）I don’t think it worth the trouble.
我覺得它不值得那么費事。
2）worth doing sth. 意為“有做……的價值”，它用主動形式表示了一個被動的含義；表示“很值得做……”用well worth doing sth.
【例】 （1）Is the museum worth visiting?
這個博物館值得參觀嗎？
（2）The film is well worth seeing.
這部電影很值得一看。
3）名詞用的worth意為“價值”，是不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于value。
【例】 （1）That picture is of little worth.
這幅畫沒有什么價值。
（2）She is a woman of great worth.
她是個非常有價值的人。
4）worthy是worth的形容詞形式，意為“有價值的，了不起的，值得的�！钡⒁�，它不能單獨作表語，常用的搭配有be worthy to be done和be worthy of doing sth. 。
【例】 The film is worthy to be seen.
=The film is worthy of being seen.
這部電影值得一看。（相當(dāng)于The film is worth seeing. ）
【例4】 wonder的用法。
1）wonder意為“想知道，詫異”，其后常跟動詞不定式（短語）或帶疑問詞的不定式短語。
【例】(1)I wonder to see her there.
我很奇怪在那兒見到她。
(2)They are wondering when to go.
他們正想知道什么時間出發(fā)。
2)wonder 還可以跟一個特殊疑問句或if引導(dǎo)的從句。
【例】(1)He wondered what his travel path would be like.
他不知道他的旅行路線會怎樣。
(2)I wonder what time it is.
我想知道幾點了。
(3)We wonder if we could see you again.
我們不知道是否能再見到你。
3)wonder后面如果跟一個that從句，它一般是否定句。
【例】I wonder that you weren’t badly hurt.
你傷得不厲害，真讓我不收相信。
【同步達綱練習(xí)】
鞏固基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)首字母和英語解釋寫出單詞
1． g having a colour of black mixed with white
2． s with a powerful body; able to make other people do what you want
3． a in opposition to
4． c something like a box with wires or bars, in which birds or animals may be kept
5． r to put or pass through a cycle again, as for further treatment
6． p move sth. strongly towards
7． b glass or plastic container with a narrow neck, for holding liquids
8． e the surroundings of one’s life
Ⅱ. 選擇填空
( )1． He was to find the book was lost.
A． surprise
B． surprised
C． surprising
D． to surprise
( )2． He is to help us with our work.
A． enough kind
B． kind enough
C． too kind
D． kind too
( )3． We can help to educate the public the environment.
A． about caring for
B． on to care for
C． about take care of
D． on to look after
( )4． The dangerous building no
A． is being pulled down
B． is been pulled down
C． is pulling down
D． was pulling down
( )5． The bridge is made stone.
A． from
B． with
C． of
D． into
( )6． He made model toys old televisions and radios.
A． from
B． into
C． out of
D． by
( )7． At school, everyone called out of class.
A． Xiao Li him
B． Xiao Li to him
C． him to Xiao Li
D． him Xiao Li
( )8． What three things you supposed to do?
A． is, are
B． were, are
C． are, were
D． are, are
( )9． It’s not very suitable this hot weather.
A． for
B． to
C． on
D． about
( )10． The windows and doors old buildings.
A． came of
B． came from
C． made from
D． made of
Ⅲ. 用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1． It’s an (hour) ride from here to the museum.
2． December is the (twelve) month of the year.
3． The cat is washing (it) face. Isn’t it funny?
4． China is one of the countries with the (long) history.
5． He has brought us all the (photo) we took when were in Anqi.
6． I like her dress. It looks very . (China)
7． Who was the (win) in the girls’ 100-metre race.
8． Though it was raining (hard), the policeman was standing at the crossing.
Ⅳ. 情景對話, 從方框中選出最佳答案補全對話
Du: Hello, Yu Li!
Yu: Hi, Du Qi. 1
Du: Yes. Will it last long?
Yu: Yes. 2
Du: Then we can’t go out this Sunday again. I hate that.
Yu: So do I. 3
Do: What’s the name?
Yu: The Atlantic.
Du: Really? 4
Yu: Yes, Now China has become a member of the WTO, we can see this kind of VCD more quickly than before.
Du: Oh, I see. 5
Yu: All right. Let’s watch it together no
Ⅴ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換: 根據(jù)上句的意思填空, 完成下句, 使兩句意思一致
1． This is the most enjoyable journey that I have ever heard of.
I have heard of an enjoyable journey before.
2． Hot dogs are not so delicious as sandwiches.
Hot dogs are delicious sandwiches.
3． Her father bought the car three months ago.
Her father the car for three months.
4． It’s good for your health to take exercise often.
exercise often can make you .
5． All the books cost me 365 yuan.
I 365 yuan all the books.
提高能力測試
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)漢語完成句子
1． 你們在業(yè)余時間都干些什么？
What do you do ?
2． 一座木橋正在建設(shè)中。
A wooden bridge .
3． 保護環(huán)境是十分重要的事。
is very important.
4． 他幾乎不相信他所見到的。
He believe he sa
5． 她沒有到上學(xué)的年齡。
She is to go to school.
6． 她祖母過去是一位著名的歷史老師。
Her grandma a history teacher.
Ⅱ. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1． The two travellers are (Canada). They (like) the hotel they are in because it is too noisy and they are unable to fall (sleep).
2． She lives in a (north) city of our country. It’s (real) cold in winter there.
3． What a (love) day! Look at the sun, it’s shinning (bright)
4． Thomas Edison was a great (invent), he (invent) many (use) things in his life. And some of the (invent) have changed the world greatly.
5． It is said that chimpanzees many years ago. Scientists try to explain their , but they can’t. (appear)
Ⅲ. 完形填空
I was in town yesterday. I decided to 1 at the bank to see Jane. I thought she might have 2 to go for lunch with me.
When I got to the bank, 3 told me she had just been out. I 4 them if she would be back by 11: 30 or 11: 45, and I was told yes. I had some time, 5 I decided to wait for her. I walked over to take a seat 6 the windo I watched everyone coming in. It was 12: 30, and I was 7 she couldn’t come back until after lunch. I got up, and as I started to walk to the door, someone 8 my name. I turned around and was surprised to find 9 was Jane. She said she had not left her office all the 10 .
( )1． A． stopB． passC． lookD． meet
( )2． A． friendsB． a holidayC． timeD． money
( )3． A． whoB． sheC． heD． they
( )4． A． toldB． askedC． spoke toD． said to
( )5． A． thenB． butC． andD． so
( )6． A． byB． onC． fromD． to
( )7． A． sadB． sureC． believedD． certainly
( )8． A． criedB． shoutedC． calledD． asked
( )9． A． sheB． thisC． thatD． it
( )10． A． dayB． morningC． afternoonD． evening
Ⅳ. 閱讀理解
According to the following three ads, choose the best answer.
( )1． If the readers have an English Coaching Paper of arch 3, 1996, he will get a small present .
A． every day
B． from English Coaching Paper
C． on arch 19, 1996
D． on February 3, 1996
( )2． If a British editor has worked in China for three years and comes to English News Paper office to ask for the job on time, he will .
A． get the job
B． not get the job
C． be a good editor
D． be useless
( )3． Where and when will the football match be?
A． In Guo’an on February 8．
B． In Hongkou Stadium on February 3．
C． In Hongkou Stadium on Sunday.
D． In Shenhua Stadium on February 8．
( )4． If three adults (成人)and six students want to watch the match, the tickets will cost RB yuan.
A． 195
B． 135
C． 225
D． 165
( )5． Which of the following is wrong?
A． In ten days, the second piece of ad will be useless.
B． The telephone number of English News Paper is 3890666．
C． The match is between Beijing Team and Guo’an Team.
D． Xu Genbao is a coach.
Ⅴ. 書面表達，根據(jù)漢語提示寫一篇短
一天，天下著大雨，李雷在回家的路上看見一位老奶奶站在樹下，他是怎樣做的呢？老奶奶又說了些什么？當(dāng)他回家時，他怎么樣了呢？
【同步達綱練習(xí)】
鞏固基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ. 1． gray(grey) 2． strong 3． against 4． cage 5． recycle 6． pull 7． bottle 8． environment
Ⅱ. 1． B 2． B 3． A 4． A 5． C 6． C 7． D 8． D 9． A 10． B
Ⅲ. 1． hour’s 2． twelfth 3． its 4． longest 5． photos 6． Chinese 7． winner 8． hard
Ⅳ. 1． C 2． D 3． G 4． F 5． A
Ⅴ. 1． never, such 2． less, than 3． has, had 4． Taking, healthy/strong 5． spent, on/paid, for
提高能力測試
Ⅰ. 1． in your spare time 2． is being built 3． Taking care of the environment 4． can hardly…what 5． not old enough 6． used to be…famous
Ⅱ. 1． Canadians, dislike, asleep 2． northern, really 3． lovely, brightly 4． inventor, invented, useful, inventions 5． appeared, appearance
Ⅲ. 1． A 2． C 3． D 4． B 5． D 6． A 7． B 8． C 9． D 10． B
Ⅳ. 1． B 2． A 3． C 4． D 5． C
Ⅴ. One day it was raining heavily. Li Lei saw an old woman standing under a tree on his way home. He gave his rain coat to her. The old woman thanked him and said he was a nice boy. When Li Lei got home, he was wet all over, but he was very happy.
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