2013屆英語(yǔ)科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專(zhuān)版]
專(zhuān)題17 理解之主旨大意題
【備考策略】
這類(lèi)題主要是測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)一篇或一段字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)段或某一語(yǔ)篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：
(1) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?
(2) What is the writer trying to tell us?
(3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(4) The purpose of the passage is.
(5) The main (general) idea of the passage is.
(6) The passage is mainly about.
(7) What is mainly discussed in the passage?
這類(lèi)題通常圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開(kāi)，一些一開(kāi)頭便展示出的中心思想，第一段常常是內(nèi)容的梗概，同時(shí)又表達(dá)了中心思想，也有一些的中心思想貫穿全，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。每個(gè)段落往往也由一個(gè)主題句或幾個(gè)陳述句構(gòu)成，它們?cè)诰渲械奈恢貌煌袝r(shí)在開(kāi)頭, 首先點(diǎn)明本段大意; 有時(shí)在結(jié)尾, 總結(jié)本段大意。
做這類(lèi)題，首先要找出的主題句。找出的主題句，也就明確了要講什么，再通過(guò)速讀全，就可以把握的中心思想了。
主題句在整個(gè)語(yǔ)段中起著通領(lǐng)全段的作用，其它句子都是用闡述、解釋、支持或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的，其位置一般位于段首，也見(jiàn)于段尾或段中。
另外在許多段中，設(shè)有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據(jù)中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面分析，然后歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。 這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括了。
〖第一招〗
在許多情況下，尤其在說(shuō)明和議論時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)尋找短的主題句歸納出的主題。主題句在中的位置通常有三種情況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾（含在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句）。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類(lèi)或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類(lèi)試題多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時(shí)，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。
有些的主題句或者說(shuō)“眼”出現(xiàn)在的最后，此類(lèi)往往以列舉事實(shí)開(kāi)頭，通過(guò)論證，最后闡述核心觀點(diǎn)，或者引用某個(gè)人的話印證自己的觀點(diǎn)，以此歸納的主旨大意，所以有時(shí)要找出這樣的信息，從中提煉標(biāo)題或歸納大意。
〖第二招〗抓住段落大意，概括中心思想
尋找整篇的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是的中心思想。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，考生們不能只依據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)，或光看的某一些段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解的重點(diǎn)，考慮中材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么的，分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什么中心安排的。最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的字將的中心思想表達(dá)出。即不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。
〖第三招〗抓住主線和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句暗含在句中。閱讀這樣的，就需要自己根據(jù)的細(xì)節(jié)分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。
考點(diǎn)解析
該題型提問(wèn)的形式主要有三類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)是ain Idea型；第二類(lèi)是Topic/Title型；第三類(lèi)是Purpose and Attitude型。
Ⅰ.ain Idea型
這種題型一般針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)段或某一語(yǔ)篇的主題思想或目的設(shè)題；有的也會(huì)針對(duì)中的某一關(guān)鍵段落的思想和目的進(jìn)行設(shè)題。
Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?
The main (general) idea of the passage is ______.
From the passage we know that ______.
What's the main idea /topic / subject /point of this passage?
What does the passage mainly deal with?
The article is written to explain ______.
All the details in this passage support the main idea ______.
What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?
The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
What's the main idea of the third paragraph?
1．首先要找出的主題句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子則為支撐句或擴(kuò)展句(Developing Details)，是用闡述、解釋、支持或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的。
2．在許多段中，沒(méi)有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據(jù)中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面分析，然后歸納成一般概念。但必須注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。
Ⅱ.Topic/Title型
在閱讀理解的命題中，有時(shí)要求確定相應(yīng)的標(biāo)題，以考查考生對(duì)全中心思想的理解�！ �
The best title/ headline for this passage might be ______.
The text (passage) could be entitled ______.
What is the best title for the passage?
Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
The topic of the passage is ______.
1．給加標(biāo)題，首先要把握好大意，不能把某一段的大意看做是整篇的大意，更不能把細(xì)節(jié)看成是大意，以防標(biāo)題的片面性。
2．注意的體裁及意圖。根據(jù)不同體裁，結(jié)合敘述的過(guò)程、說(shuō)明的用途、議論的主題等，從而正確地確定標(biāo)題。
3．注意標(biāo)題本身的句法和語(yǔ)法特征：一是要言簡(jiǎn)意賅，引人注目；二是要利用省略等修辭手段，盡量使標(biāo)題句法結(jié)構(gòu)正確。
Ⅲ.Purpose and Attitude型
每一篇都能體現(xiàn)出其寫(xiě)作意圖、作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。命題中常結(jié)合考生對(duì)的理解，考查對(duì)寫(xiě)作目的和作者態(tài)度的理解。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：
The author's main purpose in writing the passage is ______.
The passage is meant to ______.
The purpose of this article is ______.
The author's attitude toward…is best described as one of ______.
What might be the purpose of the author to write this passage?
What is the author's main purpose in this passage
需要通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)支撐的思想和大意，而作者正是通過(guò)這些思想和大意體現(xiàn)其態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和目的。因此，領(lǐng)會(huì)的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和目的與的主旨大意是密不可分的。
【答案及解析】B 主旨大意題。第六、七兩段點(diǎn)出了的主題思想。The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. 人與科技之間的游戲既有趣又復(fù)雜，所以講的是人類(lèi)與科技之間的關(guān)系。
五年高考
A組 2012年全國(guó)高考題組
1.【2012浙江卷C 】
Two friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解決) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategyfor conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
50.This article is mainly about.
A. the lives of school childrenB. the cause of arguments in schools
C. how to analyze youth violenceD. how to deal with school conflicts
50.【答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?和整體理解，可知答案D符合意。
2.【2012天津卷 A】
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校園). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes ake sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a
good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25
Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30
Blocking path with bicycle ---------------------------------------------$40
Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$35
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus. B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.
C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus. D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.
3. 【2012湖南卷 B】
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere wall away from your college.
ing’s Art Centre
A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to ‘learn from the masters’ or get more creative with paint ? free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.
the Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.
The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.
The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called ‘Hissing Sid’ is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.
Byron’s Pool
any stories surround Lord Byron’s time as a student of Cambridge University. Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of “mess and drunkenness”. However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I’m not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his rooms. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron’s Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don’t trust me, then perhaps you’ll take it from Virginia Woolf ? over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.
65. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Some places for weekend break.
B. A way to become creative in art.
C. The colourful life in the countryside.
D. Unknown stories of Cambridge University.
4. 【2012全國(guó)新標(biāo) D】
Grown-ups are often surprised by hoell they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(嘗試) increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
【大意】本是一篇議論。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記著兒時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)的東西。作者認(rèn)為這是兒時(shí)過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們兒時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)一樣?xùn)|西的時(shí)候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續(xù)練習(xí)，才使我們記憶深刻。用例證法說(shuō)明了“過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)”的概念。 最后作者談到了“過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)”的好處和突擊學(xué)習(xí)的弊端。
67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)的第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by hoell they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知：講得是成年人常常驚嘆他們非常好的記著兒時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)的東西。C、D斷取義，講得太具體，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槟鞘沁^(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，不是兒時(shí)記憶力好。所以A正確。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查主旨要義。
5. 【2012陜西卷 D】
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (紋身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (傳遞)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances» so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. ost employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇員),because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Employees atter B. Personal Choices atter
C. Appearances atter D. Hiring anagers atter
59【答案與解析】C 主旨大意題。本大意是關(guān)于員工的著裝問(wèn)題，即員工的外貌問(wèn)題，故本題選C。
6. 【2012東卷 B】
One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James urray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task. So urrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester inor. Dr. inor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
inor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to urray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， urray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found inor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane.
urray and inor became friends, sharing their love of words. inor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. urray continued to visit inor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, inor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. urray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
inor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
66. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The history of the English language.
B. The friendship between urray and inor
C. inor and the first Oxford English Dictionary
D. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients
66.【答案】C
【解析】的關(guān)鍵詞有兩個(gè)：inor和Oxford Dictionary，主要講述r. inor的特別之處和他對(duì)Oxford Dictionary的貢獻(xiàn)，因此的大意應(yīng)該把這兩個(gè)詞都包括進(jìn)去。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查的主旨大意。
B組 2008-2011年全國(guó)高考題組
1.【2011浙江卷A】
One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on he GPS (導(dǎo)航儀). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When achines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. aybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
45. What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B. The relationship between human and technology.
C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D. The human unawareness of technical problems.
45. 一般性最后一體都會(huì)問(wèn)到主旨大意，作者的觀點(diǎn)等等，要做好這一題，我們要繼續(xù)往后看，6、7兩段點(diǎn)出了的主題思想。The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex . 是人與科技之間的游戲是復(fù)雜的，所以講的是人類(lèi)與科技之間的關(guān)系。
2.【2011 新標(biāo)D】
Wanted, Someone for a iss
We’re looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100F. You’ll work on the station’s music programmes. usic production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply(申請(qǐng)) in writing to Producer Vacancies, iss100.
Father Christmas
We’re looking for a very special person preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.
Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:30—16:00
Excellent pay.
Please contact(聯(lián)系)the Enterprise Shopping Center, Station Parade, Eastbourne.
Accountants Assistant
When you join the them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver of for somebody who has office experience.
Wealden District Council
Software Trainer
If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (簡(jiǎn)歷) to rs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.
68. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who __________________.
A. is aged between 24 and 40 B. may do some training work
C. should deal with general duties D. can work for about a month
3.【2011天津卷 A】
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones2,3 and of the transport system. ost hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的). Zones3 and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
eal Plans Available
♢ Continental Breakfast
♢ Breakfast and Dinner
♢ Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal（谷物類(lèi)食品），bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally
part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit.you must first ask your host’s permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestule and is more suitable for the long-stay student.However,it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
38.What can be inferred from Paragraph3?
A.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.
B.The business centre of London is in Zone.
C.Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
4.【2011 全國(guó)II】
Student embership-----Cambridge Arts Cinema
Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. Now you too can make most of it and save money.
5．For what purpose is the text written?
A. Offering students cheaper tickets．
B. Announcing the opening of a premiere.
C. Telling the public of the cinema's address.
D. Increasing the cinema's membership.
6.【2011•福建卷】
Elixir
written by Eric Walters
Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr. Banting and his assistant, r. Best, who are in search of a cure for diabetes （糖尿�。�.She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best.
George Washingtion Carver
Written by Elizabeth acleod
eet the “Peanut（花生） Specialist”, George Washington Carver, the inventor and professor who made over 325 products out of peanuts. Through his agricultural research, he also greatly improved the lives of countless black farmers in the southern United States. See also acleod’s Albert Einstein: A Life of Genius.
The Inuit Thought of It: Amazing Arctic Innovations
Written by Alootook Ipellie & David acDonald
Explore more than 40 ideas necessary to Inuit survival. From ideas familiar to us today to inventive concepts that shaped their lives, celebrate the creativity of a remarkably intelligent people. Also see other books; The Chinese Thought of It by Tingxing Ye and A Native American Thought of It by Rocky Landon and David acDonald.
ade in Canada:101 Amazing Achieverms
Written by Bev Spencer
What things do we use daily that have a Canadian connection?Here are 101 common things that were invented in Canada or by a Canadian,including the Blackberry,alkaline(堿性) batterices and the Blue Box yecycling program.
Newton and the Tlme achine
Written by ichael e Gowan
Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinesaurs up close.But it disappears on a test run with his two huge friends,ing Herbert and Queen Certunde,in can he save them before time runs out?
64. Which of the following best describes Roth’s feeling in Book 1?
A. Painful B. Curious C. Frightened D. Disappointed
7.【2010 浙江卷C】
The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大腦訓(xùn)練) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.
In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前額葉腦皮層). Brian scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed (撥電話) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. k*s5u
ultitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. ost people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. ultitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.
52. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. ultitasking has become a way of life.
B. ultitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C. ultitasking exercises need to be improved.
D. ultitasking enables people to remember things better.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。最后一段中作者繼續(xù)描述了之前的觀點(diǎn)：一個(gè)人同時(shí)從事多項(xiàng)工作會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多問(wèn)題。回到整篇，作者主要觀點(diǎn)就是告訴大家：多項(xiàng)工作不能產(chǎn)生高效的結(jié)果，故選擇B。k*s5u
8.【2010 東 C】
Rae Armantrout, who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego(UCSD) for two decades, has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”.
“I’m delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win,” said Armantrout.
“For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th book, is really surprising.”
Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor’s degree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her master’s in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.
In arch, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for “Versed.”
“This book has gotten more attention,” Armantrout said, “but I don’t feel as if it’s better.”
The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.
Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry,” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD.
“Versed”, published by the Wesleyan University Press, did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2,700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in ay.
70. What can we learn from the text?
A. About 2,700 copies of “Versed” will be printed.
B. Cancer made Armantrout stop writing.
C. Armantrout got her degrees at UCSD.
D. “Versed” has been awarded twice.
解析：歸納。根據(jù)中的won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”.以及In arch, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for “Versed.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。
答案:D
9.【2009 浙江】
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老)treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ”O(jiān)h boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.”I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his while
Several months ago I was racing to catch a him As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Grey hound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile ,”O(jiān)h that bus left five minutes ago.”Dreams of head-cutting!
It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter mainly told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warming .Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, ” Oh, that’s all right I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news ,deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轟炸的)person is sure to have.
56.What is the main idea of the text?
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
【答案】Ａ
【解析】主旨大意題。整體把握意，中多次提到人們對(duì)帶給自己壞消息的人經(jīng)常心生怨恨，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞"deliver bad news"，選A。
10.【2008 浙江 A】
Adrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired (聽(tīng)覺(jué)受損的)，he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words.
Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular school couldn’t take care of a special needs students. His parents were determined to take the risk and push him hard to go through his work everyday because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace （節(jié)奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.
The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06--- being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.
But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.” “If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.” She often said.
44. Why is Adrian’s life described as an “Amazing Race”?
A. He did very well in his study
B. He succeeded in entering a regular school
C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability
D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06
44.
【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C
【試題分析】全講的是他自強(qiáng)不息的故事。
【高考考點(diǎn)】主旨大意
三年模擬
A組 2012年全國(guó)高考模擬題組
1.【浙江省牌頭中學(xué)、大田中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期3月聯(lián)考 A】
Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother, elly, was driving along the country road with him. He was asleep on the front seat of their truck, with his feet resting on her lap. As his mom drove carefully down the winding country road, she turned onto a narrow bridge. The truck hit a rock and slid off the road. She attempted to bring it back up onto the road by pressing hard on the gas pedal and turning the steering wheel to the left. But Rocky’s foot got caught between her leg and the steering wheel and she lost control of the truck.
The truck fell into a 20-foot ravine（峽谷）. When it hit bottom, Rocky woke up. “What happened, ama?” he asked. “Our wheels are pointing toward the sky.”
elly was seriously wounded and blinded by blood. “I’ll get you out, ama,” announced Rocky, who had surprisingly escaped injury. He climbed out from under elly, slid through the open window and tried to yank his mother out. But she didn’t move.
“Just let me sleep,” begged elly, who was out of consciousness. Rocky insisted, “om, you can’t go to sleep.”
Rocky managed to push elly out of the truck and told her he’d climb up to the road and stop a car to get help. Fearing that no one would be able to see her little boy in the dark, elly refused to let him go alone. Instead they slowly moved up to the road. The pain was so great that elly wanted to give up, but Rocky wouldn’t let her.
Rocky kept repeating the inspirational phrase, “I know you can, I know you can.” When they finally reached the road, Rocky broke into tears seeing his mother’s torn face clearly for the first time. Waving his arms and shouting, “Please stop!” the boy stopped a truck. His mother was sent to hospital.
It took 8 hours to rebuild elly’s face. She looks quite different today---“I used to have a straight long nose, thin lips and high cheekbones; now I’ve got a flat cheeks and much bigger lips”--- but she has few scars and has recovered from her injuries.
Rocky’s heroics were big news. Everyone was surprised at this little boy’s power. “It’s not like I wanted it to happen,” The boy explained. “ I just did what anyone would have done.” “If it weren’t for Rocky, I’d have died,” said his mother.
45. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Boy and His otherB. How to Behave Well？
C. I Think I CanD. Nothing is Lost
2.【臺(tái)州市2012屆高三期末質(zhì)量評(píng)估試題 A】
It’s impossible to determine how many people would have lost their lives without the contribution of African-American inventor Dr Charles Dre [:Z*xx*k]
Charles Dreas born on June 3, 1904, in Washington, DC. His early interest was in education, but he was also an outstanding athlete. While in college, he was awarded as the man who contributed the most to sports during his four years in school. Drew’s sister Elsie suffered from t uberculosis(肺結(jié)核) and died in 1920. Her death influenced his decision to study medicine.
After becoming a doctor and working as a college instructor, Dreent to Columbia University, where he earned his Doctor of edical Science degree. During this time he became involved in research on blood and blood transfusions (輸血).
At Columbia, he wrote a paper on “banked blood”, in which he described a technique he developed for the long-term preservation of blood plasma (血漿). Before his di scovery, blood could not be stored for more than two days because of the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Drew had discovered that by separating the plasma from the whole blood and then refrigerating(冷凍) them separately, they could be combined a week later for a blood transfusion. Drew became the first African American to receive a PhD in medical science.
After World War II broke out, Dreas called upon to put his techniques into practice. He was named a project director for the American Red Cross but soon quit his post after the government issued an order that blood taken from white donors(獻(xiàn)血者) should be separated from that of black donors.
On April 1, 1950, after he attended the annual free clinic at the John A. Andrew emorial Hospital, he and other three physicians decided to drive back home. As he was tired from spending the night before in the operating room, he lost control of his car. Dreas badly injured and was taken to Alamance General Hospital in Burlington, North Carolina. He was pronounced dead half an hour after he first received medical attention. Drew's funeral was held on April 5, 1950, at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church in Washington, DC.
But contrary to popular legend, he was not refused a blood transfusion by an all-white hospital. He indeed received a transfusion but was beyond the help of the physicians attending to him. As Dr. John Ford, one of the doctors who survived the accident, later explained, “We all received the very best of care. The fact that he was a Black did not in any way limit the care that was given to him.” Over the years, Drew has been considered one of the most honored figures in the medical field.
44. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
A. Charles Drew died in a medical accident.
B. African Americans were still treated unfairly in the 1940s.
C. Charles Dreas the first African American to receive a PhD.
D. Physicians refused to give Charles Drew medical attention because he was a black.
3.【溫州市2012屆高三第一次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試 A】
I was brought up in the British, stiff upper lip style. Strong feelings aren’t something you display in public. So, you can imagine that I was unprepared for the outpouring of public grief(悲傷) at a Chinese funeral.
y editorial team leader died recently after a short illness. He was 31. The news was so unexpected that it left us all shocked and upset. A female colleague burst into tears and cried piteously at her desk. Somehoe got through the day's work. The next day was the funeral.
Our big boss stepped forward to deliver a eulogy and was soon in tears. She carried on, in Chinese of course, but at the end said in English: "There will be no more deadlines for you in heaven." Next came a long-term colleague who also dissolved in tears but carried on with her speech despite being almost overcome by emotion. Then a close friend of the dead man paid tribute(哀悼), weeping openly as he spoke. Sorrow is speading. e and women were now sobbing uncontrollably. Finally, the man's mother, supported between two women, addressed her son in his coffin. At one point, the mother almost collapsed and had to be held up. We were invited to step forward to each lay a white rose on the casket. Our dead colleague looked as if he was taking a nap. At the end of the service I walked away from the funeral parlor stunned at the outpouring of emotion.
In the U, families grieve privately and then try to hold it together and not break down at a funeral. Here in China it would seem that grieving is a public affair. It strikes me that it is more cathartic to cry your eyes out than try to keep it bottled up for fear of embarrassment, which is what many of us do in the West.
Afterwards, a Chinese colleague told me that the lamenting at the funeral had been restrained(克制) by Chinese standards. In some rural areas, she said, people used to be paid to mourn noisily. This struck me like something out of novel by Charles Dickens. But we have all seen on TV scenes of grief-stricken people in Gaza and the West Bank, in Afghanistan, Iraq and the relatives of victims of terrorist bombings around the world. Chinese grief is no different. I realized that it's the reserved British way of mourning that is out of step with the rest of the world.
It was our newspaper's production day. We were bussed back to the office to resume work. No more deadlines for our former colleague, but we had to pull together to put the newspaper to print. The boss invited the team to go out for dinner after work. We relaxed, smiled, joked. There was no mention of the funeral or our poor colleague. Enough sorrow had been shed already. We needed a break.
45．This passage talks mainly about .
A．a(chǎn)n editor’s deathB．bad funeral customs
C．western ways of griefD．cultural differences
4.【紹興市2012屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)測(cè) A】
Steve Jobs, the former chief executive of Apple, announced his resignation as head of Apple on Aug．24, 2011．The following is the letter from Steve Jobs to the Apple board．
To the Apple Board of Directors and the Apple Community:
I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple’s CEO, I would be the first to let you know．Unfortunately, that day has come．
I hereby resign as CEO of Apple．I would like to serve, if the Board sees fit, as Chairman of the Board, director and Apple employee．[:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]
As far as my successor（繼任者）goes, I strongly recommend that we execute（執(zhí)行）our succession plan and name Tim Cook as CEO of Apple．
I believe Apple’s brigh test and most innovative（創(chuàng)意改革的）days are ahead of it．And I look forward to watching and contributing to its success in a new role．
I have made some of the best friends of my life at Apple, and I thank you all for the many years of being able to work alongside you．
Steve
Tim Cook, the newly appointed CEO of Apple, sent an email to the troops after Steve Jobs stepped down．Below is the full text of the email．
Team:
I am looking forward to the amazing opportunity of serving as CEO of the most innovative company in the world．Joining Apple was the best decision I’ve ever made and it’s been the privilege of a lifetime to work for Apple and Steve for over 13 years．I share Steve’s optimism for Apple’s bright future．
Steve has been an incredible leader and mentor to me, as well as to the entire executive team and our amazing employees．We are really looking forward to Steve’s ongoing guidance and inspiration as our Chairman．
I want you to be confident that Apple is not going to change．I cherish and celebrate Apple’s unique principles and values．Steve built a company and culture that is unlike any other in the world and we are going to stay true to that — it is in our DNA．We are going to continue to make the best products in the world that delight our customers and make our employees incredibly proud of what they do．
I love Apple and I am looking forward to diving into my new role．All of the incredible support from the Board, the executive team and many of you has been inspiring．I am confident our best years lie ahead of us and that together we will continue to make Apple the magical place that it is．
Tim
Cook, 50, once served in IB and Compaq before he joined Apple in 1998．He was promoted to the chief operating officer in 2007 and has been the real CEO responsible for most of Apple’s day-to-day operations during Job’s medical leaves．
It’s believed that the replacement will not affect Apple’s business at least in short term, but it is unclear whether Apple’s innovation and operational efficiencies will continue unabated．
43．It can be inferred from the passage that ．
A．Cook has been in charge of Apple’s daily operations since 2007
B．Cook is proud of his promotion and regards it as a lifetime honor
C．Steve Jobs refused to provide ongoing guidance because of his health problem
D．Steve Jobs and Tim Cook share the same belief in Apple’s future
5.【浙江省六校聯(lián)盟2012屆高三第一次聯(lián)考 B】
We can stay young forever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.
His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging.
Dr. Shen Ziyin has been traine d in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past fort y years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has taken a hint from the ancient Chinese medicine system called “shen”.
According to Shen, it is the kidney（腎臟）which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through. Studies conducted by Dr. Shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process, says a report in The Telegraph newspaper.
We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce T-cells. These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.
So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young?
This is where Dr. Shen’s herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell.
49. We can probably learn from the passage that _________.
A. producing more low calorie food allows people to keep young
B. the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink, the better for health
C. people should try to quicken the production of T-cells in the body
D. it remains unknown how effective Dr. Shen’s herbal medicine is
6.【浙江省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期3月聯(lián)考 D】
Never-say-die Attitude
In 1883, a creative engineer named John Roebling was inspired by an idea to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with the Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughtout the world thought that this was an impossible feat and told Roebling to forget the idea．It just could not be done. It was not practical．It had never been done before.
Roebling could not ignore the vision he had in his mind of this bridge. He thought about it all the time and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. He just had to share the dream with someone else. After much discussion and persuasion he managed to convince his son Washington，an up-and-coming engineer, tha t the bridge in fact could be built.
Working together for the first time, the father and son developed concepts of how it could be accomplished and how the obstacles could be overcome. With great excitement and inspiration, and headiness of a wild challenge before them, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge.
The project started well, but when it was only a few months underway a tregic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was injured and left with certain account of brain damage, which resulted in him not being able to walk or talk or even move.
“We told them so.”
“Crazy men and their crazy dreams.”
“It’s foolish to chase wild visions.”
Everyone had a negative comment to make and felt that the project should be scraped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap, Washington was never discouraged and still had burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.
He tried to inspire and pass on his enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task．As he lay on his bed in his hospital room，with the sunlight streaming through the windows, a gentle breeze blew the white curtains apart and he was able to see the sky and the top of the trees outside for just a moment. It seemed that there was a message for him not to give up. Suddenly an idea hit him. All he could do was move one finger and decided to make the best use of it. By moving this, he slowly developed a code of communication with his wife.
He touched his wife’s arm with that finger, indicating to her he wanted her to call the engineers again. Then he used the same method of tapping her arm to tell the engineers what to do. It seemed foolish but the project was under way again.
For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife’s arm until the bridge was finally completed. Today the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute of one’s indomitable spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances. It is also a tribute to the engineers and their team work, and to their faith in a man who was considered mad by half the world. It stands too as a monument to the love and devotion of his wife who for 13 years patiently decoded the message of her husband and told the engineers what to do.
Perhaps this is one of the best example of a never-say-die attitude that overcomes a terrible physical handicap and achieves an impossible goal.
60. What made the Roebelings’ success?
A Their never-say-die attitude and the support of their family
B Their devotion to building bridge
C.Their bravery and persistence
D.Their high skill in profession
7.【東陽(yáng)中學(xué)2012屆高三下學(xué)期模擬考試 C】
One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, aryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons (浣熊) now lives in Washington D.C., and moose (駝鹿) are regularly seen wandering into aine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on (捕食) pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. eanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避難處)have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent￡750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (懸崖棲息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the ississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
50. The first paragraph suggests that ________.
A. environment is crucial for wildlife
B. tour books are not always a reliable source of information
C. London is a city of fox
D. foxes are highly adaptable to environment
53. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos.
B. Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city
C. Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside
D. Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem
54. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Wildlife returning to large cities B. Foxes returning to London
C. Wild animals living in zoos D. A survey of wildlife in New York
8.【鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2012屆高三年級(jí)五月份模擬考試 C】
One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, aryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons (浣熊) now lives in Washington D.C., and moose (駝鹿) are regularly seen wandering into aine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on (捕食) pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. eanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避難處)have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent￡750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (懸崖棲息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the ississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
50. The first paragraph suggests that ________.
A. environment is crucial for wildlife
B. tour books are not always a reliable source of information
C. London is a city of fox
D. foxes are highly adaptable to environment
53. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos.
B. Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city
C. Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside
D. Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem
54. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Wildlife returning to large cities B. Foxes returning to London
C. Wild animals living in zoos D. A survey of wildlife in New York
B組 2010-2011年全國(guó)高考模擬題組
1.【浙江省臨海市白云中學(xué)2011屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試 E】
As China develops，the Internet’s popular．But some get addicted to the Internet．13-year-old Xiao Yi paid a high price for it．He went to the top of a 24-storey building and t hen jumped to his death． He wanted to enter another life to meet the characters from the online games .
Internet addiction got attention in China．Internet addicts died from exhaustion after spending days online or murdered others in search of virtual possessions．Public anger over these incidents spurred the opening of China’s first Internet addiction treatment center．
The clinic’s treatment might seem cruel．But it’s a popular choice for worried parents．
“Ever since our door’s opened，every bed has been full．” says the center’s director．They are also kept busy with activities，designed to take addicts’ attention away from the attraction of computers．
“I’m confident this will work or I wouldn’t have come here.” explains t a college student．Some argue the government is exaggerating concerns about Internet addiction as an excuse to stop Internet cafes and game sites．But for China’s estimated 2 million Internet addicts，the attraction of the Internet is a real problem.
56．The best title of the passage may be ．
A．China opens addiction treatment centers B．China fights against Web addiction
C．China stops Internet cafes and game sites
D．China designs to take teenagers away from the attractionof computers
60．We can infer from the passage that ．
A．China has settled the problem of Internet addiction B．Only students get addicted to the internet
C．Only parents are worried about the problem
D．No practical methods have been found to entirely solve the Internet addiction
2.【浙江省富陽(yáng)場(chǎng)口中學(xué)2011屆高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)誼學(xué)校期中考試 A】
Tess went to her bed room and pulled a glass jelly jar from its hiding place in the closet. She poured all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Three times, even. The total had to be absolutely exact. Then carefully placing the coins back in the jar and twisting on the cap, she slipped out the back door and made her way six blocks to the pharmacy（藥房）.
She waited patiently for the pharmacist to give her some attention but he was too busy at this moment. So she took a quarter from her jar and banged it on the glass counter. That did it!
“And what do you want?” the pharmacist asked in an annoyed tone of voice. “I’m talking to my brother from Chicago whom I haven’t seen in ages,” he said without waiting for a reply to his question.
“Well, I want to talk to you about my brother,” Tess answered back in the same annoyed tone. “He’s really, really sick… and I want to buy a miracle.”
“I beg your pardon?” said the pharmacist.
“His name is Andrew and he has something bad growing inside his head and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him no So how much does a miracle cost?”
The pharmacist’s brother was a well dressed man. He bent down and asked the little girl, “What kind of a miracle does your brother need?”
“I don’t know,” Tess replied with her eyes welling up. “I just know he’s really sick and ommy says he needs an operation. But my Daddy can’t pay for it, so I want to use my money.”
“How much do you have?” asked the man from Chicago.
“One dollar and eleven cents,” Tess answered. “And it’s all the money I have.”
“Well, what a coincidence. A dollar and eleven cents—the exact price of a miracle for little brother,” smiled the man.
“Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. Let’s see if I have the kind of miracle you need.”
The pharmacist’s brother, Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon, was expert in neurosurgery(神經(jīng)外科). The operation was completed without charge and it wasn’t long before Andreas home again and doing well.
om and Dad were happily talking about the chain of events that had led them to this place. “That surgery,” her o m whispered. “was a real miracle. I wonder how much it would have cost?”
Tess smiled. She knew exactly how much a miracle cost…one dollar and eleven cents…plus the faith of a little child.
43. It can be inferred that Andrew’s operation would have been ______________.
A. costly B. dangerousC. seriousD. difficult
3.【金華一中2011屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試 C】
Who’s in control of your life? Who is pulling your string? For the majority of us, it’s other people—society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “ost people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry(模仿), their passions a quotation.”
So when people tell us hoonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (一劑毒品). We worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they're more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control? I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselv es by means of a set of values---not values imposed（強(qiáng)加）from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
72. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.
A. we shouldn’t care what others think B. it’s better to do what we like
C. we shouldn't change our own opinions D. it’s important to accept others’ opinions
4.【浙江省2011年高考名師名校交流卷（十） C】
There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ￡100,000 worth of shares from a 15-year-old schoolboy (they thought he was 21). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to pay up. The bank lost ￡20,000 on the deal which it cannot get back, because, for one thing, the young boy does not have the money, for another, being under 18, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ￡20,000 profit. It certainly is better than delivering the morning newspaper. In another case, a boy of 14 found, in his grandmother’s house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. But they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy headed straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realize the country in question had reduced the value of its currency by 90%. They exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took ￡200,000 from nine different banks. Amazingly, he had already spent more than half of this before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under 18 the banks have kissed goodbye to a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs.
Should we admire these youngsters for being enterprising and showing initiative or condemn them for their dishonesty? aybe they had managed for years with tiny amounts of pocket money that they got from tight-fisted parents. aybe they had done Saturday jobs for peanuts. It is hardly surprising, given the expensive things that young people want to buy, such as fashionable running shoes and computer games, if they sometimes think up more imaginative ways of making money than delivering newspapers. These youngsters saw the chance to make a lot of money and took it.
Another recent story which should give us food for thought is the case of the man who paid his six-year-old daughter￡300 a week pocket money. He then charged her for the food she ate a few coins for her piggy bank（存錢(qián)灌）“She will soon learn the value of money, ” he said. “There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Everything has to be paid for and the sooner she learns that the better.” At the other extreme there are fond parents who provide free bed and board for their grown-up children, While even the most hard-hearted parents might hesitate to throw their children out on the streets, we all know of people in their twenties who still shamelessly live off their parents. Surely there comes a time when everyone has to leave the parental nest, look after themselves and pay their own way in life. But when is it?
54. It can be concluded from the passage that the author believes that _____.
A. children should leave the parental nest as soon as possible
B. grown-up children should live on their own
C. children should be taught not to cheat others
D. parents should give more pocket money to their children
5.【溫州中學(xué)2011屆高三3月月考 D】
Around the globe, the tourist trade is booming and you are promised to enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. The first-class systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is noithin most people’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights (包機(jī)) are quite popular to us. odern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which those on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. With all this coming and going, you would expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! So what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? So there is a great misdirection in tourist business, especially in conducted tour items.
any tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They purposely set out to “protect” their passengers from too much contact with the local population. odern tourists lead a protected and separated life. They live at international hotels, where they eats their international food and sips their international drink while gazing at the natives from a distance. Designed tours to places of interest are carefully arranged. The tourists are allowed to see only what the organizers want them to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourists to wander off on their own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so they might only be too happy to be protected in this way.
At its very worst, this merely leads to a new and terrible kind of colonization. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of certain old ideas of other nations and countries. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe what they are, even staying along with that from text books during our schooling.
You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, emotional, cold, pedantic (愛(ài)追究的), native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives just actually act as barriers, for we can’t do the job with certainty. So, frequently, when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm what you have already obtained as the first conceptions in your mind. And you get home only with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression, such as the saying, “Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites (偽君子)” and “Latin peoples shout a lot ”. However, to gain the real understanding, you only have to make a few foreign friends and you will know how ridiculous and harmful some old conceptions of other nations are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?
Being carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. A very wild and limited outlook may stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact — how reasonless it sounds! ? that all people are human. We are all similar to each other, while at the same time all unique.
58. The purpose of the author’s writing is to point out ______.
A. conducted tour should be stopped B. the way of touring should be changed
C. gained knowledge can’t be renewed D. some nations stay the same as before
60. The main idea for this passage is that ______.
A. tourism does little to increase understanding between nations
B. tourism is terrible without the work of the tourist organizations
C. conducted tour is so dull that nobody wants to accept it now
D. tourism really does something wonderful to many countries
6.【杭州高級(jí)中學(xué)2010屆高三上學(xué)期第一次月考 C】
The saying that children don’t like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between 5 and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books.
“The kids & Family Reading Report” also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer. At the same time, those who search an author’s website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day.
The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years. The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study. But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids’ interest in reading starts to drop.
“Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day.” says Heather Carter, a writer of the report.
One in four kids between 5 and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week. One of the key reasons kids say why they don’t read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like — a requirement that parents underestimate.
The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids’ reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday. The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to-eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to-11-year-olds — exactly the same time that kids’ daily reading for fun starts to drop.
“Parents’ engagement in their children’s reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading”, adds Carter.
50. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. nowadays all the kids still like to read books
B. most parents begin reading to their kids from their birth
C. some kids like to get some information using the Internet
D. the study of kids’ reading has been made before
53. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Do kids still like readingB. ids’ interest in reading drops
C. New technology on kids’ readingD. Parents’ influence on kids’ reading
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