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2011-2012學(xué)年高一英語必修1（北師大版）素材

Unit 3 of odule I Celebration Period One Lesson 1 & 2

一. 內(nèi)容： Unit 3 of odule I Celebration Period One Lesson 1 & 2

二. 本目標(biāo)與要求：

1、掌握重點單詞及詞組的用法

詞 匯

相關(guān)提示

include v. 包含，包括

destroy vt. 破壞，毀壞

salary n. 薪水

apply vi. &vt. 應(yīng)用，申請，請求

congratulation n. 祝賀

請認(rèn)真掌握其分詞 included 和 including 的用法。

請注意區(qū)別 destroy, damage 和 ruin 。

請注意 salary, wage, pay, income 和 fee 的區(qū)別。

請牢記 apply 與不同介詞搭配時的不同含義。

請注意它在句中的形式及與之搭配使用的介詞。

2、語法重點

掌握一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式。

3、語言技能重點

（1）了解我國的節(jié)假日活動，傳承民族化，增強民族自豪感。了解有關(guān)英語國家的個人慶賀活動，如生日、畢業(yè)等。能運用英語簡單介紹中國的節(jié)慶活動。

（2）表達祝賀（Congratulations）。

Happy Birthday! 生日快樂！Congratulations! 恭喜！

（3）運用聽力策略，聽懂有關(guān)舉行聚會的相關(guān)介紹，并把握主旨大意。

三. 重難點詞匯講解：

1、nowadays adv. 現(xiàn)今，現(xiàn)在

nowadays 常置于句首或句末。

Nowadays, children often prefer watching TV to reading. 如今，兒童常愛看電視而不愛看書。

根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子

_____（今天），mobile phones are more and more popular.

2、include vt. 包括，包含

The United ingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales. 聯(lián)合王國包括北愛爾蘭和威爾士。

（1）派生詞：inclusion n. 包含，包括；including prep. 包括（某人/某事物）在內(nèi)。

（2）include 的現(xiàn)在分詞 including, 可以看作是介詞，including 可以與過去分詞 included互相轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

We all went, me /myself included. =We all went, including me/myself.

I bought six books, including a story-book. =I bought six books, a story-book included.

（3）include 表示一個整體有幾個內(nèi)容，側(cè)重“內(nèi)有”的意思。包括：作為一部分、成分或成員而包括；含有：作為次要的、附屬的成分而包含；放入，算進去：納入或包括進一個組織、階層或整體.

contain 表示包含或擁有（物質(zhì)/含量）以作為整體的一部分或某一成份：包含，容納，容忍。

This drawer contains all the cutlery we own. 這個抽屜里盛放著我們所有的刀叉餐具。

The book contains some amusing passages. 這本書里有一些有趣的節(jié)。

①The band played many songs, _____some of my favourites.

A. includes B. included C. including D. to include

②The whole book_____12 units, ______two main revisions.

A. includes; containing B. contains; including

C. contains; containing D. includes; included

3、destroy vt. 破壞，毀壞

In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness. （George Bernard Shaw）

在人口擁擠的地方，貧困使清潔毫無可能。（喬治?肖伯納）

（1）同義詞：damage v. 招致?lián)p害，ruin v. 毀滅；反義詞：establish 創(chuàng)立

（2）辨析：destroy，damage 和 ruin

destroy 指徹底的摧毀、毀壞；

damage 指部分損壞；

ruin指經(jīng)過長時間的侵蝕而毀壞，通常暗指無可挽回的傷害，但并不一定指完全毀滅。

選擇

They have _____all the evidence which would do harm to them.

A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. housed

4、decorate vt. 裝飾，布置

They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.

他們用花和氣球裝飾了房間。

（1）派生詞：decoration n. 裝飾

（2）搭配：decorate 不接雙賓語，而用decorate sth. with sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。

漢譯英： 孩子們正在用彩燈裝飾圣誕樹。

5、serve v. 招待，侍候，服務(wù)

serve（v. 招待，侍候，服務(wù)）→deserve （vt. 應(yīng)受（獎賞，特殊待遇等），值得）

They served the guest a wonderful dinner.

他們以盛宴招待客人們。

ake the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.

古為今用，洋為中用。

（1）serve 的名詞是 service。

（2）搭配：要表達“為……服務(wù)”時，不要受漢語影響用 serve for sb. ，而應(yīng)使用serve sb.。

選擇填空

He _____the company for fifty years，first as office boy and eventually as managing director.

A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served

6、retire vi. 退休

巧記提示 re-（回）+tire（adj. 累）→累回家中→退休。

He retired from the business when he was 60.

他60歲時退休了。

（1）retire 的過去分詞 retired 可以作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞，

但只表示完成意義，而不具被動意義。

（2）搭配：retire from… 從……（職位等）退休。

選擇：

After he _____office，Rogers took up painting for a while，but soon lost interest.

A. retired from B. retired in C. took from D. took in

7、salary n. 薪水

巧記提示 sal（e）（n. 賣）+-ary（名詞詞尾）

He gets a good salary，but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.

他的工資待遇很好，但他總是向朋友借錢而又從不歸還。

易混辨析：salary，wage，pay，income 和 fee

salary按月或年支付的固定的薪金收入，如公務(wù)員等管理人員的收入。

wage 按星期（有時按日）發(fā)放，一般指臨時工作的收入，通常為現(xiàn)款。

pay 一般用以指雇主定期付給的工資。

income 是最普通用詞，可指掙的收入，也可指并非掙的收入。

fee 是對職業(yè)性的服務(wù)所支付的報酬，如付給律師、醫(yī)生等的報酬。

選擇

Professional people and those who work in offices receive a______.

A. salary B. wage C. fee D. income

8、apply vi& vt. 應(yīng)用，申請；請求

apply（申請）→apple（n. 蘋果），申請得到一個蘋果。

The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.

這項研究成果能應(yīng)用于技術(shù)開發(fā)新的方面。

You should apply immediately，in person or by letter.

你應(yīng)該立即申請，親自去也好，寫信也好。

（1）派生詞；application n. 申請，應(yīng)用；applicant n. 申請人；

applicable adj. 可適用的，合適的；applied adj. 應(yīng)用的，適用的。

（2）apply 的兩個義項的搭配也不同：

apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申請……

apply sth. to sth. 把……應(yīng)用于……

介詞填空：

In order to apply his new discovery _____the products

he applied _____his boss _____a sum of money.

為了把他的新發(fā)明應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)，他向老板申請了一筆資金。

9、opportunity n. 機會

Let me take this opportunity to say a feords. 請讓我趁此機會講幾句話。

（1）搭配：opportunity for /of doing sth. =opportunity to do sth. 做某事的機會。

（2）辨析：opportunity 和 chance

opportunity 是對機遇的一種比較正式的說法，而且一般情況下是人為造成的機遇，表達的是一種有利的狀態(tài)或合適的時機。

chance是比較隨意的感覺，而且一般情況下是在偶然的情況下發(fā)生，有可能沒有人為因素造成這樣的結(jié)果，表達的是一種因為運氣或偶然而出現(xiàn)的機遇。

用 opportunity 和 chance 填空

①Don’t throw this _____away; it won’t come around again.

②If you prepare yourself，you will be able to grasp_____for broader experience when it appears.

10、congratulation n. 祝賀

congratulat（e）（v. 祝賀）+-ion（名詞詞尾）

Congratulations on winning the race. 恭賀你比賽獲勝。

（1）congratulation 是 congratulate 的名詞形式，常用復(fù)數(shù)，可以單獨使用，也可以與介詞on 或to 搭配。

congratulations to sb. 表示“向某人表示祝賀”，congratulation on sth. 表示“祝賀……”。

（2）在使用這個詞時，必須符合下列條；

①只以言語表達賀意，并非以行動（如送禮、舉行宴會）表示。

②專對個人成功祝賀時才用，生日、節(jié)日時的道賀不用此詞。

③對方的成功必須是經(jīng)過努力獲得的成功。

選擇<1>The three sisters decided to hold a family party to_____ their parents’silver wedding.

A. celebrate B. memorize C. congratulate D. welcome

<2>We offered our congratulations _____his passing the college entrance exams.

A. at B. on C. for D. of

11、burn down 燒毀

In 1666 almost all of London burned down. 在1666年，差不多整個倫敦都被燒毀了。

（1）burn down 還有“火勢減弱”的意思。

（2）與 burn 相關(guān)的常見詞組有：burn out 燒光，熄滅，burn up 燒光，燒起

12、take part in 參與，參加

In early days only male athletes were allowed to take part in the Olympic Games.

在奧林匹克運動會早期，只有男性運動員才能參加比賽。

（1）同義詞組：join in 加入；participated in參加某事；分享某事；

participated in the festivities 參加慶�；顒�

If only I could participate in your good fortune. 要是我能分享你的好運就好了。

（2）同義詞組辨析：attend, participate, take part in和join in的區(qū)別

attend“出席，到場，上（）”，指去聽、去看，但自己并不一定起積極作用。

participate 指在感情、觀念或行為方面與他人共同參加某一活動。常與介詞in連用。

join 既可指參加一群人的活動，也可以指加入某個組織，常見搭配為：join the army （club, Party）, join sb., join sb. in （doing）sth.。表示參加某一活動時常用join in sth. 。如join in a game （discussion, conversation）。

take part in指參加某一活動并發(fā)揮作用。

（3）與 part 相關(guān)的常見詞組有：play a part/role in 在……中起作用。

用take part in, join, join in, attend 的合適形式填空

①I hope you’ll ______the discussion.

②Will you ______us ______the English evening?

③I ______the school basketball team last term.

④He often _______a social gathering in the school.

⑤Every four years，many athletes from different countries _______the Olympic Games.

13、depend on 根據(jù)，依據(jù)

How much is produced depends on how hard we work.

產(chǎn)量的大小在于我們努力的程度。

（1）depend on 除表示“依據(jù)、根據(jù)”外，還可譯成“依靠、信賴”。

（2）depend 指條或可能性，其后通常跟on 或 upon。在非正式口語中，通常省略介詞。

如：

It depends on who is in charge. 這取決于誰是負(fù)責(zé)人。

— Will you go out for a hiking with your friends?

—That depends.

選擇練習(xí)：

—What time will you arrive?

—I don’t kno It ______the traffic.

A. depends on B. relies on C. asks for D. deals with

14、on time 準(zhǔn)時

The train often arrives on time.

火車通常正點到達。

（1）易混詞組辨析：on time 和in time

on time 是“準(zhǔn)時、按時”之意，就是正好在預(yù)定的時間。

in time 有“及時、遲早”的意思，意指正趕上時候或恰在需要的時候。

（2）與 time 有關(guān)的常用習(xí)語：

all the time 一直；始終 at times 有時（相當(dāng)于sometimes）

in time及時 once upon a time 從前（相當(dāng)于long ago）

some time 將某時 from time to time 時不時地

this /next/ last time 這次/下次/上次

（3）sometime, sometimes, some time, some times.

sometime adv. 某個時間（在某個不確定或未說明的時間）；

日后（將某個不確定的時間）

I’ll meet you sometime this afternoon. 我今天下午某個時候見你。

Let’s get together sometime. 讓我們?nèi)蘸笤傧嗑邸?p>

some time 相當(dāng)長的一段時間

It took me some time to digest what I had heard.

我花了一些時間才把聽到的東西弄明白。

用 on time 和 in time 填空

①Facing with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task______.

②There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury ______for the race.

③Progress so far has been very good. Therefore, the project will be completed ______.

四. 重點句式分析與拓展：

1. Traditional moon cake are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes.

傳統(tǒng)的月餅通常是豆沙做的，但現(xiàn)在有了許多不同種類的月餅，包括水果月餅、咖啡月餅、巧克力月餅，甚至還有冰淇淋月餅。

（1）這是一個并列句。兩個分句由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的 but 連接。

（2）第二個分句中包含有一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語 including…cakes，這個短語在句中作后置定語，修飾其前面的 moon cakes。

2. The （Water）Festival marks the Dai New Year and is related to Buddhist traditions. Over three days, Buddha statues are washed, dragon boats are raced and rockets are launched in celebration.

潑水節(jié)是傣族的新年的標(biāo)志，它和佛教習(xí)俗有關(guān)。接連三天，人們沖刷佛像，劃龍舟，放鞭炮以示慶祝。

這兩個句子都是用被動語態(tài)表達的，尤其是第二個句子，接連用了三個并列句。進一步強調(diào)動作的承受者。當(dāng)然我們翻譯的時候不必拘泥于句子的被動形式。

【模擬試題】（答題時間：30分鐘）

一、單項選擇

1、It is said that his health by years of hard working.

A. is affecting B. is broken C. is destroyed D. is decorating

2、—Could you do me a favour?

—It ______what it is.

A. puts on B. depends on C. relies on D. take on

3、Our teacher told us that in that way we could better theory we learned to practice.

A. apply B. use C. asks for D. deals with

4、Do you know how countries the final in the World Cup?

A. join in B. join C. take part in D. are participated in

5、I do believe we will see each other .

A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times

6、The boss ordered that the work should be done .

A. on time B. in times C. at times D. with time

7、This kind of plant _____lots of vitamin C.

A. includes B. holds C. contains D. takes

8、She has the family faithfully for thirty years.

A. serve for B. been served C. serves D. served

9、The house in half an hour.

A. burnt down B. has burned down

C. was burnt down D. burns down

10、I’d like to take this to thank everyone for their hard work on the project.

A. money B. time C. opportunity D. occasion

二、綜合閱讀

Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may want to knohat you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your classmates, and so on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.

First, let’s talk about what your weekly timetable （時間表）will look like. No matter what your major（專業(yè)）may be, you must spend between four and six hours a week for each class going lectures （去聽講座）. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses（程）such as introduction to sociology（社會學(xué)）or economics（經(jīng)濟學(xué)）often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes（作筆記）on what the professor says because the information of a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can get some exam questions from the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a few hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion time is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading and the homework. In large universities, graduate students（研究生）, called teaching assistants（助教）, usually help discussion time.

If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non-science majors（非理科）do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature （學(xué)）or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.

1. The main idea of this text is .

A. to help the students to learn about university life

B. to persuade （勸說）the students to attend lectures（上）.

C. to encourage （鼓勵）the students to take part in discussions

D. to advise the students to choose right majors

2. We can learn from the text that university professors .

A. spend about 5 hours on lectures each week

B. must join the students in the discussion sections

C. like to use textbooks in their lectures

D. ask the students to read beyond the textbooks

3. A discussion time does NOT include .

A. working under the guidance of university professors

B. talking over what the students have read about the courses

C. discussing the problems related to the students’ homework

D. raising （提出）questions about what a professor has said in a lecture

4. According to the author, science majors .

A. have to work harder than non-science majors

B. spend less time on their studies than non-science majors

C. consider experiments more important than discussions

D. read and write less than non-science majors

5. The underline phrase In the typical week means .

A. In a special week.

B. In a kind of week.

C. In a whole week of learning.

D. In a complete week.

【試題答案】 一、單項選擇

1、C。 他的身體被數(shù)年的艱辛勞作而摧毀，所以本題應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。

2、B。 A. puts on意思是：穿上，把……放在上面，裝出，假裝，增加，欺騙，添上，使靠……維持生命 B. depends on意思是： 依靠，取決于，隨……而定 C. relies on依靠（信賴）。D. take on披上，呈現(xiàn)，具有，雇用，承擔(dān)，盛氣凌人，接納，流行

3、A. 把所學(xué)的理論應(yīng)用于實踐。

4、C. take part in指參加某一活動并發(fā)揮作用。

5、B. 指將某個時間我們會見面。

6、A. 老板要求按時完成工作，所以選on time“按時”。C. at times 有時，相當(dāng)于sometimes. 無B. in times和D. with time 的用法。

7、C. 這種植物含有豐富的維生素C，應(yīng)選contains。

8、D. 她忠誠地為這個家庭奉獻了30年。 “服務(wù)家庭”應(yīng)該用及物動詞serve 的過去時態(tài)。

9、A. burnt down 房屋、工廠燒毀不用被動語態(tài)。

10、C. take this opportunity to do sth. 借此機會做某事。

二、綜合閱讀

1. A；從整篇的內(nèi)容看，這是一篇幫助學(xué)生在校學(xué)習(xí)的。

2. D；從該句可找出答案So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well.

3. A；“討論在大學(xué)教授的指導(dǎo)下開展”沒有提及。仔細(xì)閱讀這句話：The discussion time is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures。

4. D；最后一句話告訴我們，學(xué)科（比如學(xué)和歷史等專業(yè)）的學(xué)生要比學(xué)理科的學(xué)生讀得多，寫得多。

5. C；劃線部分in a typical week的意思是：典型的一周學(xué)習(xí)

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