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在英語高考中，對時態(tài)的考查主要涉及四種，它們是一般過去時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。去年全國18套高考英語試卷共涉及時態(tài)考點21道題，但其中有19題考的是上面提到的四種時態(tài)，約占整個時態(tài)考點的90%。由此可見這四種時態(tài)不僅重要，而且很“熱”。

一、一般過去時考點的命題特點

1. 利用插入成分考查一般過去時的用法

As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations — ______ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南卷)

A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked

【解析】B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations，使得句子的主語與謂語were marked分離，從而增加了考生對句子理解的難度。根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)填被動語態(tài);再根據(jù)句中的passed的時態(tài)特點可知，空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時，故選B。

2. 利用標(biāo)志性時間狀語考查一般過去時的用法

I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago. (全國I)

A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been

【解析】C。根據(jù)句末的過去時間狀語several years ago可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。

3. 利用語境背景考查一般過去時的用法

(1)When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ______? (重慶卷)

A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been

【解析】C。句子的前半部分說上午打電話時沒有人接電話，而后半部分問對方當(dāng)時在什么地方，顯然，句子前后兩部分的時間應(yīng)一致，即用一般過去時。

(2)—Ouch! You hurt me!

—I am sorry. But I ______ any harm. I ______ to drive a rat out. (江西卷)

A. didn’t mean; tried B. don’t mean; am trying

C. haven’t meant; tried D. didn’t mean; was trying

【解析】D。第一空填一般過去時，指對前面發(fā)生的情況作出解釋;第二空填過去進行時，指過去正進行的動作。答語的意思是：對不起。但我不是有意要弄傷你，我是在把一只老鼠趕出去。

4. 利用主句過去時謂語考查從句過去時的用法

(1)The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. (全國I)

A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell

【解析】C。根據(jù)前面的過去式謂語were可知，后面也要用一般過去時;再根據(jù)“花”與“賣”的關(guān)系可知，此處要用被動語態(tài)，故選C。

(2)The play had already been on for quite some time when we ______ at the New Theatre. (浙江卷)

A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive

【解析】B。由于句中的had already been用的是過去完成時，而根據(jù)句意，arrive顯然應(yīng)發(fā)生在其后，故要用一般過去時。全句意為：當(dāng)我們到達新劇院時，戲已經(jīng)演了好一會兒了。

二、過去進行時的命題特點

綜觀所有的過去進行時考題，它們無一例外地有個共同特點，就是考查在特定語境背景下某一動作正在進行的情形。請看實例：

(1)—It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.

—Oh, don’t mention it. I ______ past your house anyway. (北京卷)

A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come

【解析】A。根據(jù)前面一句中的was可知，搭車的事發(fā)生在過去，所以“我開車要經(jīng)過你的家門口”也發(fā)生在過去，因此可排除B和D。而在剩下的A和C中，不能選C，是因為C為過去完成時，表示“過去的過去”，與句意不符。

(2)—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

—Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. (福建卷)

A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching

【解析】D。表示過去正在進行的動作，用過去進行時。第二句的意思是：不可能。她當(dāng)時與我一起在我家看電視。

(3)—Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home. (全國II)

A. have just thought B. was just thinking

C. would just think D. will just be thinking

【解析】B。指剛剛在想念老家的朋友，故用過去進行時。

(4)—Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

—No, sir. I ______ a newspaper. (四川卷)

A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading

【解析】B。由于我剛才“正在看報”(was reading a newspaper)，所以沒有看到有人經(jīng)過。根據(jù)語境，顯然只有B最佳。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時的命題特點

1. 根據(jù)特定語境和時態(tài)標(biāo)志考查現(xiàn)在完成時的影響性用法

(1)— ______ you ______ him around the museum yet?

— Yes. We had a great time there. (江蘇卷)

A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

【解析】A。根據(jù)問句中的yet可知，所談?wù)摰氖虑榘l(fā)生在最近的過去，且問話者很關(guān)心這個過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。注意：不要受答語中過去式謂語had的影響而誤選C。

(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. (浙江卷)

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

【解析】A。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，不用主動語態(tài);再根據(jù)句末的yet可知，最好用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選A最佳。

2. 根據(jù)特定語境考查現(xiàn)在完成時的持續(xù)性用法

(1)Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (福建卷)

A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked

【解析】C。表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。

(2)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (湖南卷)

A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying

【解析】D。根據(jù)句中的現(xiàn)在進行時可排除B，再根據(jù)句中的for a year可知此題選現(xiàn)在完成進行時最佳，即選D。

注：有時高考還會考查現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法。如：

(3)—I have got a headache.

—No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long. (江西卷)

A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked

【解析】C。由于在電腦前工作太久，所以導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在頭痛的結(jié)果，故空格處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時，即答案選C。

四、過去完成時的命題特點

高考英語對過去完成時的考查百分之百是根據(jù)“過去的過去”這一語境來設(shè)題的。請看：

(1)They became friends again that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽卷)

A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken C. haven’t spoken D. haven’t been speaking

【解析】B。由于他們再次成為朋友發(fā)生在過去(因為became用的是一般過去時)，這就說明他們差不多有兩年沒說過話屬于“過去的過去”，所以要用過去完成時。

(2)I ______ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (陜西卷)

A. would be B. have been C. had been D. will be

【解析】C。由于set to work with the scientist這一動作發(fā)生在過去，而be there與set to work的先后關(guān)系是：be there在先，set to work在后。所以be there發(fā)生的時間屬于“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(from www.nmet168.com)。

(3)—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?

—Yes, he did. He ______ his old friends for a long time. (重慶卷)

A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen

【解析】D。由于見朋友發(fā)生在過去(即昨天)，而很久沒有見到朋友自然是昨天的見面之前，即屬于過去的過去，故用過去完成時。

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